The overall information points to shifts from toxic to favorable effects in plant systems at lower REE concentrations (possibly suggesting hormesis). The available evidence for REE use as feed additives may suggest positive outcomes at certain doses but requires further investigations before extending this use for zootechnical purposes. Children born preterm have impaired lung function and altered lung structure. However, there are conflicting reports on how preterm birth impacts aerobic exercise capacity in childhood. We aimed to investigate how neonatal history and a diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) impact the relationship between function and structure of the lung, and aerobic capacity in school-aged children born very preterm. Preterm children (≤ 32 w completed gestation) aged 9-12years with (n = 38) and without (n = 35) BPD, and term-born controls (n = 31), underwent spirometry, lung volume measurements, gas transfer capacity, a high-resolution computer tomography (CT) scan of the chest, and an incremental treadmill exercise test. Children born preterm with BPD had an elevated breathing frequency to tidal volume ratio compared to term controls (76% vs 63%, p = 0.002). The majority (88%) of preterm children had structural changes on CT scan. There were no differences in peak V̇O (47.1 vs 47.7mL/kg/min, p = 0.407) or oxygen uptake efficiency slope when corrected for body weight (67.6 vs 67.3, p = 0.5) between preterm children with BPD and term controls. IKK-16 ic50 There were no differences in any other exercise outcomes. The severity of structural lung disease was not associated with exercise outcomes in this preterm population. Children born preterm have impaired lung function, and a high prevalence of structural lung abnormalities. However, abnormal lung function and structure do not appear to impact on the aerobic exercise capacity of preterm children at school age.Children born preterm have impaired lung function, and a high prevalence of structural lung abnormalities. However, abnormal lung function and structure do not appear to impact on the aerobic exercise capacity of preterm children at school age. This study explored if healthy adults could discriminate between different breathlessness dimensions when rated immediately one after another (successively) during symptom-limited incremental cardiopulmonary cycle exercise testing (CPET) using multiple single-item rating scales. Fifteen apparently healthy adults (60% male) aged 22 ± 2years performed six incremental cycle CPETs separated by ≥ 48h. During each CPET (at rest, every 2-min and at end exercise), participants rated different breathlessness sensations using the 0-10 modified Borg scale using one of six assessment protocols, randomized for order (1) 'BREATHLESS ' = breathlessness sensory intensity (SI), breathlessness unpleasantness (UN), work/effort of breathing (SQ ), and unsatisfied inspiration (SQ ) assessed; (2) SI and UN assessed; and (3-6) SI, UN, SQ , and SQ each assessed alone. Physiological responses to CPET were also evaluated. Physiological and breathlessness responses to CPET were comparable across the six protocols, with the exception of SI rated lower at the highest submaximal power output (220 ± 56 watts) during the BREATHLESS protocol (0-10 Borg units 4.2 ± 1.7) compared to SI + UN (5.2 ± 2.1, p = 0.03) and SI alone (5.1 ± 1.9, p = 0.04) protocols. Ratings of SI and SQ were not significantly different when assessed in the same protocol, and were significantly higher than UN and SQ , which were comparable. In healthy younger adults, use of two separate single-item rating scales to assess breathlessness during CPET is feasible and enables the distinct sensory intensity and affective dimensions of exertional breathlessness to be assessed.In healthy younger adults, use of two separate single-item rating scales to assess breathlessness during CPET is feasible and enables the distinct sensory intensity and affective dimensions of exertional breathlessness to be assessed. To evaluate associations between pathology and CT assessments made according to the mRECIST in HCC treated by conventional TACE (cTACE), and to identify predictors of complete tumor necrosis. From March 2016 to July 2018, 83 patients with a total of 100 masses were retrospectively included. Patients underwent sequential cTACE and portal vein embolization, and later hepatic surgery. Evaluation of treatment response and measurement of baseline lipiodol accumulation as mean HU was performed on CT at the time point closest to the time of operation (mean, 54.5days after cTACE). Significant predictors associated with complete necrosis were identified by multivariate analysis. The optimal cut-off HU value of lipiodol accumulation for prediction of complete necrosis was determined using a ROC analysis. According to mRECIST, complete response (CR, n = 70) and partial response (n = 30) were classified. 34.3% (24/70) masses classified as CR according to mRECIST were found to have viable lesions on pathology. On multivariate analysis, mean HU of lipiodol accumulation was the only significant predictor of complete necrosis (p = .003, odds ratio 1.746, 95% CI 1.201-2.539). On ROC analysis, 460 HU as a cut-off value was significantly associated with complete necrosis (67.4% sensitivity, 75.0% specificity). A threshold value for lipiodol accumulation > 460 HU was highly sensitive and specific for complete necrosis, even in complete response according to mRECIST. Therefore, if lipiodol accumulation is insufficient in post-TACE CT, recurrence should be monitored more sensitively. 460 HU was highly sensitive and specific for complete necrosis, even in complete response according to mRECIST. Therefore, if lipiodol accumulation is insufficient in post-TACE CT, recurrence should be monitored more sensitively. To detect risk factors on clinical characteristics and multidetectorcomputed tomographic (MDCT) findings for predicting bowel obstruction in patients with obturator hernia. We retrospectively reviewed 47 patients who had an obturator hernia diagnosed by MDCT and/or surgery. The patients were divided into obstruction and non-obstruction group based on the presence or absence of bowel obstruction on MDCT images. Uni- and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors for predicting bowel obstruction. There were 26 patients (55.32%) in the obstruction group and 21 patients (44.68%) in the non-obstruction group. Patients in the obstruction group were older (P = 0.002) and had more women (P = 0.033) and lower body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.0001) than patients in the non-obstruction group. The non-obstruction group suffered fewer bowel obstruction symptoms (P = 0.0001), Howship-Romberg (HR) sign (P = 0.012), deaths (P = 0.008) and major postoperative complications (P = 0.047). The hernia sac in the obstruction group had greater mean major diameter (P = 0.