ions with both 256-slice and 192x2-slice CT scanners, we recommend that CTCAs be preferentially performed using the 192x2-slice CT scanner.Chronic kidney disease and seizures often co-exist. When seizures are provoked in patients with kidney disease, their treatment poses a particular challenge. Seizures may be provoked in the context of uremia, and toxic substances associated with uremic encephalopathy. In that case, the mainstay of therapy is to treat the uremia before consideration for anticonvulsant therapy. Treatment of seizures in the setting of chronic kidney disease requires special attention to selection of anticonvulsant medications and knowledge of the altered pharmacokinetics of these medications, which may require special titration schedule in that setting. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about inter-relation of seizures and kidney disease. The review will also help practitioners who treat patients with renal failure and coexisting seizures in choosing the best treatment options. Mediastinal lymphadenopathy is a common cause of referral to the pulmonologist. In addition to more frequent aetiologies such as malignancy, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis and lymphoma, unusual causes must be considered, especially in specific contexts. We report the cases of three young patients referred to our pulmonology department for the assessment of hypermetabolic mediastinal lymphadenopathy. The context of the onset of symptoms (tick bite, contact with an infected animal) as well as paraclinical investigations (Francisella tularensis serology) made it possible to make a diagnosis of tularemia. The clinical and radiological evolution was favourable in all three cases. Tularemia is a rare but currently re-emerging infection caused by a Gram negative coccobacillus, Francisella tularensis. Human contamination occurs mainly through contact with infected animals or by tick bites. The diagnosis can be difficult because the symptoms (fever, diffuse myalgia) are non-specific, and is based on serology and an appropriate clinical context. Treatment is based on ciprofloxacin or doxycycline. The diagnosis of tularemia must be considered in the presence of lymphadenopathy occurring after a tick bite or contact with an infected animal.The diagnosis of tularemia must be considered in the presence of lymphadenopathy occurring after a tick bite or contact with an infected animal. Sertraline is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor which is often used as first-line treatment for depression. Several patterns of interstitial lung disease attributable to sertraline have been reported in the literature. A 69-year-old patient, who had been taking sertraline to treat severe depression for 10months, presented with a deterioration in his general condition and respiratory symptoms found to be associated with bilateral pneumonitis. Selleckchem SBI-0640756 An exhaustive assessment did not reveal any infectious or autoimmune aetiology. Transthoracic lung biopsy revealed a pattern of eosinophilic lung disease. Sertraline-induced lung toxicity was then suspected and this treatment was therefore stopped. The patient's symptoms resolved and the chest imaging normalized. Our observation suggests that sertraline was the cause of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia characterized by an insidious clinical presentation several months after starting the medication. Given its widespread prescription, we encourage any clinician facing this disease to pay attention to possible drug-induced origins of lung disease.Our observation suggests that sertraline was the cause of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia characterized by an insidious clinical presentation several months after starting the medication. Given its widespread prescription, we encourage any clinician facing this disease to pay attention to possible drug-induced origins of lung disease.Cytokines are pleiotropic polypeptides that control the development of and responses mediated by immune cells. Cytokine classification predominantly relies on [1] the target receptor(s), [2] the primary structural features of the extracellular domains of their receptors, and [3] their receptor composition. Functionally, cytokines are either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory, hematopoietic colony-stimulating factors, developmental and would healing maintaining immune homeostasis. When the balance in C can form complex networks amongst themselves that may affect the homeostasis and diseases. Cytokines can affect resistance and susceptibility for many diseases and their availability in the host cytokine production and interaction is disturbed, immunopathogenesis sets in. Therefore, cytokine-targeting bispecific, and chimeric antibodies form a significant mode of immnuo-therapeutics Although the field has grown deep and wide, many areas of cytokine biology remain unknown. Here, we have reviewed these cytokines along with the organization, signaling, and functions through respective cytokine-receptor-families. Being part of the special issue on the Role of Cytokines in Leishmaniasis, this review is intended to be used as an organized primer on cytokines and not a resource for detailed discussion- for which a two-volume Handbook of cytokines is available- on each of the cytokines. Priming the readers on cytokines, we next brief the role of cytokines in Leishmaniasis. In the brief, we do not provide an account of each of the involved cytokines known to date, instead, we offer a temporal relationship between the cytokines and the progress of the infection towards the alternate outcomes- healing or non-healing- of the infection. Sexual activity is composed of different phases (excitation, plateau, resolution). Each phase is associated with cardiovascular, respiratory, muscular and hormonal modification which can have an influence on the nervous system. This impact has been studied many times in literature, but no study has synthetized the complications related to coitus or orgasm. Systematic review of literature on neurological complications, except headache, of coitus based on Medline and Embase. We screened 1424articles and selected 46for this review. 7 (15%) were clinical or epidemiologic studies, 6 (13%) were reviews of literature and 33 (72%) were cases or series of cases reports. 12articles (26%) talked about strokes, 10 (22%) about subarachnoid hemorrhage, 9 (20%) about reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. We found 3 (7%) articles for each of the following complication intraparenchymal, hematoma and epilepsy. Autonomic hypereflexia was treated in 3articles (7%). Only 1article was included concerning ictus, spinal cord injury, neuralgia and cataplexia.