At a temperature of 50°C, the application of natamycin and 3%PS resulted in a 650% and 312% decrease in Mucor rot incidence, respectively; when combined, natamycin and 3%PS exhibited a substantial 925% reduction in disease incidence compared to the untreated control group after 2 weeks of storage at 5°C. The treatment's overall efficacy persisted, despite the application being delayed up to 6 or 12 hours after the inoculation Nonetheless, treatment potency waned when the storage duration reached three or four weeks. Mucor rot on mandarin fruits can be addressed effectively by natamycin, and minimizing extended storage times maintains the effectiveness of natamycin's application.Schisandra chinensis, known as the five-flavor fruit, (Turcz.) The medicinal herb Baill. is both popular and extensively cultivated in China, offering a wealth of nutritional benefits and medicinal advantages. Growing within the Fusong district of Jilin, China (127°28'E, 42°33'N), Schisandra chinensis plants in August 2022 showed damage to their leaves marked by oval and irregularly circular light brown spots exhibiting white centers. The spots ranged in size from 2 to 10 millimeters wide. 20% of the plants within a two-hectare Schisandra chinensis field displayed the observed symptoms in 2023. Approximately half of the leaf surface area exhibited damage. The disease's evolution was marked by an increase in lesion size, culminating in the formation of necrotic focal points. Leaves with discernible light brown spot symptoms on five plants were extracted from the field site. From the edges of the lesions, five leaf pieces (3-5 mm²) were harvested. Surface sterilization was conducted according to the procedure outlined by Ju et al. (2021), before the pieces were placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 25°C. The single spore isolation technique (Zhang) was used to isolate six single spores from the five independently infected isolates, ensuring the creation of pure cultures. During the year 2003, a significant development took place. From amongst the pure cultures, the single spore isolate designated ZWWZH was selected for continued cultivation. Following five days of growth, a colony of fluffy, white aerial mycelium, exhibiting pink pigmentation on the lower surface, was observed on the PDA. The culture's development brought about a pinkish-brown alteration in the appearance of the mycelia. Microscopic examination confirmed the presence of elongated or pointed macroconidia (n=50), thick-walled and predominantly three-septate. Measurements showed lengths varying from 340 to 750 micrometers, and widths varying from 4034 to 6129 micrometers. peptide solubility The mycelium's internal and external regions accommodated chlamydospore chains. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA and -tubulin (TUB2) region were amplified, respectively, using the primers ITS1/ITS4 (White et al., 1990) and Bt-2a/Bt-2b (Robideau et al., 2011). The sequences OQ629789 (ITS) and OQ803521 (TUB2) were entered into GenBank's database, thereby assigning the accession numbers. BLASTn analysis of the ITS and TUB2 gene sequences, respectively, indicated a perfect (100%) match to F. acuminatum MT566456, and a high 99.92% sequence identity with F. acuminatum strains MT560377 and KJ396328. Morphological and molecular analyses confirmed the pathogen as F. acuminatum. The greenhouse served as the setting for the pathogenicity tests. Inoculate five healthy Schisandra chinensis seedlings, each possessing healthy leaf surfaces, with a 1x10^6 spores/mL solution. Three wells, each holding 10 liters, are to be placed on one side of each seedling. Sterile deionized water (ddH2O) served as the control in the experiment. In a controlled greenhouse environment, the inoculated seedlings were subjected to a temperature of 25°C and a relative humidity of 65 to 70%. Following the inoculation by four days, all inoculated leaves exhibited symptoms in congruence with those found in the field, unlike the control leaves, which displayed no symptoms. Three more repetitions of the experiment returned similar data. From inoculated plants, the re-isolated fungi's morphology and DNA sequences were identical to the initial field sample isolate (ZWWZH), thereby achieving compliance with Koch's postulates. To our present understanding, this is the first reported case of F. acuminatum creating leaf spot issues on Schisandra chinensis plants within China. F. acuminatum's presence has brought about a substantial reduction in the overall quality of Schisandra chinensis production. By recognizing the leaf spot symptom caused by F. acuminatum, farmers gain the capacity to implement practices that curtail the impact of the disease on this important crop.The scientific classification Hymenocallis littoralis, according to Jacq. Commonly referred to as spider lily, Salisb, a species of Amaryllidaceae, is widely cultivated in southern China for both ornamental and medicinal purposes (Anusha et al., 2016). The 2020 outbreak of leaf scorch, affecting H. littoralis with a 97% incidence, occurred in Kunming, Yunnan province, China (E1028268, N248371), between July and September. Beginning as small, reddish-brown spots, these lesions underwent a significant expansion, becoming large, irregular lesions with noticeable yellow centers. The leaves of plants severely impacted by the infection developed a yellow hue and withered, the deterioration travelling from the tip down to the petiole. To identify the lesions, leaf segments (5 mm square) obtained from the affected leaf margins underwent surface sterilization with a 1% sodium hypochlorite solution for 3 minutes, followed by three washes in sterile distilled water. These segments were then cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 28°C under a 12-hour photoperiod for 72 hours. A prevalent fungus, found in 90% of the samples, was isolated, and three monosporic isolates were then selected using a technique of agar dilution lineation separation. During the initial four days of incubation, colonies exhibited a white-yellowish appearance, changing into a beige-mustard color after seven days. Incubation on oatmeal agar (OA) for 10 days resulted in the formation of pycnidia, which exhibited a black-brown hue, subglobose shape, and ostiolate characteristics. The aerial mycelia are the primary site for the formation of chlamydospores, which are globose and frequently arranged in chains, showing brown or pale pigmentation. An analysis of 60 conidia showed they were (0-)1-3 septate, having dimensions from 21 to 108 by 10 to 32 µm and either ellipsoidal or clavate morphologies. Genomic DNA was extracted from the mycelia of three separate isolates. The nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) was amplified using the ITS1/ITS4 primers (White et al., 1990). The second largest subunit of nuclear DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II (rpb2) was amplified employing the fRPB2-5F/fRPB2-7cR primer pair (Liu et al., 1999). Amplification of the 28S nuclear ribosomal large subunit rRNA gene (LSU) was achieved with the LR0R/LR5 primers (Schoch et al., 2012), while the beta-tubulin gene (tub2) was amplified using the Btub2Fd/Btub4Rd primer pair (Woudenberg et al., 2009). Employing the pMD19-T vector (Code No. 6013, Takara, Kusatsu, Japan), the amplicons were cloned and subsequently subjected to bi-directional sequencing. The three isolates displayed a uniformity in their nucleotide sequences, with one of these sequences having been submitted to NCBI (ITS, OM279485; rpb2, OM304305; LSU, OP800249; tub2, OQ108870). Through BLASTn analysis, the ITS, rpb2, LSU, and tub2 genes showed 100%, 9849%, 9989%, and 9789% sequence identity, respectively, to the corresponding genes (MN973518, MT018130, MN943724, and MT005618) of the Didymella curtisii strain CBS 28829. Employing the maximum likelihood approach, a phylogenetic tree was developed using MEGAX and nucleotide sequences extracted from ITS, rpb2, LSU, and tub2 genes. *D. curtisii* shared the same clade with a fungus isolated from the diseased leaves of *H. littoralis*. The isolate, definitively identified by Chen et al. (2015) morphological and sequence analyses, was classified as D. curtisii and given the designation HlDc1. To identify the disease's cause, a spore suspension of 10⁶ HlDc1 spores per milliliter was spread onto the leaves of six-month-old healthy plants with brushes. The leaves, part of the control group, were smeared with sterile water. Plants that had been inoculated were incubated at 28 degrees Celsius in a moisture chamber, subject to a 12-hour photoperiod. Pathogenicity tests, three cycles in total, used six plants each time. Fifteen days post-inoculation, the HlDc1-inoculated leaves demonstrated the presence of red-brown lesions, a characteristic not found on the asymptomatic control leaves. The HlDc1 isolate was re-obtained from infected plant leaves. We believe this to be the inaugural report of leaf scorch afflicting H. littoralis in the Yunnan province of China, and specifically attributed to D. curtisii. The results were instrumental in establishing a framework for epidemiological forecasting and scientific control of this illness.The fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. is responsible for the occurrence of powdery mildew. The destructive disease tritici (Bgt) is a pervasive problem worldwide. For the purpose of disease epidemic control, environmental protection, and minimizing economic harm, host resistance is the preferred method. Using the Bgt isolate E09, this research evaluated the reactions to powdery mildew for a collection of 600 wheat cultivars and breeding lines from various wheat-growing regions. To establish segregating populations for genetic analysis, one hundred and sixteen resistant genotypes were identified and subsequently crossed with vulnerable wheat cultivars/lines. Of the genotypes examined, 87 exhibited single-genic inheritance, while 19 displayed dual genic inheritance, and 10 demonstrated multiple genic inheritance. For the purpose of identifying the Pm gene(s) in the resilient genotypes, a set of 16 molecular markers corresponding to 13 well-characterized Pm genes were used to examine the resistant and susceptible parent lines, as well as their segregating populations. Seventy-five wheat genotypes from a set of 87, which fit a monogenic inheritance model, contained the Pm2a allele.