In a significant finding, the TEF1 sequences displayed a striking 99.7% identical match to the TEF sequence of Didymella macrostoma, documented as MT454020. Following this, Koch's postulates were applied to 10 'Conference' pears per isolated strain (WURR-206, WURR-223, WURR-227, and WURR-308). Using 70% ethanol to wipe fruits, pathogenicity tests were conducted by inoculating them with a 5 mm diameter agar disk of D. macrostoma, derived from the actively growing edge of 14-day-old PDA cultures. Incubation of the inoculated fruits, encased in sealed plastic bags, took place in darkness at 20°C. In all inoculated pears, typical symptoms surfaced seven to ten days after the inoculation process. The PDA-dependent controls showed no indication of disease. mirnasynthesis Fungal colonies, originating from the lesions and grown on potato dextrose agar, presented a morphology that mirrored the initial isolate from the diseased pears. The D. macrostoma identity of the re-isolations was ascertained via sequencing, hence validating Koch's postulates. From our perspective, this is the pioneering account of D. macrostoma's involvement in causing calyx-end rot specifically affecting pear fruits. Acquiring knowledge about this causal agent is crucial for establishing effective strategies to combat pear postharvest diseases.Nematodes can be kept at bay by implementing plant grafting. An exploration of how Meloidogyne incognita-resistant rootstocks affect the overall growth and attributes of quality in grafted cucumber plants is warranted. The Jinchun No.4 cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cultivar (J) was hole-grafted onto Xiuli pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata), Banzhen No.3 pumpkin, and its own root system, producing JX, JB, and JJ plant configurations, respectively. The study assessed the correlation between histopathology, M. incognita growth, and JX, JB, and JJ, in both incubator and high-plastic tunnel conditions. In incubator environments, root galls and egg masses of M. incognita, observed on JX and JB resistant rootstocks, displayed significantly lower indices (P<0.05) compared to those on JJ susceptible rootstocks. Moreover, the count of eggs decreased by 733 88% and 853 77%, respectively. The number of second-stage juveniles (J2s) in JX roots plummeted by 571.92% when juxtaposed with the levels in JJ roots. A concomitant poor development of giant cells and J2s was evident in both JX and JB root systems. Within the confines of high plastic tunnels, pot experiments established that plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, and yield of M. incognita-infected JX plants were not significantly distinct from those of non-inoculated controls. There was no substantial divergence in fruit weight, length, firmness, soluble solids content, and color between the three grafted plants. Regardless of whether nematodes were present, the JB plant yield showed an increase compared to that of JJ plants. Within the confines of a high plastic tunnel, the M. incognita-infested soil experiment revealed a statistically significant difference in yield, with JX and JB plants performing far better than JJ plants (P<0.005). As a result, the Xiuli and Banzhen No. 3 pumpkin rootstocks offer a potential solution for controlling the M. incognita pest, preserving the high quality of cucumber produce. Grafting serves as a suitable foundation for exploring how rootstocks resist infection by M. incognita.Vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides) is now commonly used in the pursuit of ecological environment management, the restoration of degraded ecosystems, and the extraction of essential oils, particularly in recent years. In 2019, a leaf streak disease afflicted the C. zizanioides plant life in Zhanjiang, Guangdong province, China. Large streak lesions, displaying the development of conidiomata, characterized the foliar manifestation of the disease. Koch's postulates were verified by a pathogenicity test conducted on the fungus isolated from these lesions, thus identifying the fungus as the causative agent of this disease. Under the microscope, the pathogen displayed a morphological likeness that suggested a resemblance to Stenocarpella. The pathogen's taxonomic affiliation within the Diaporthaceae family was corroborated by phylogenetic analyses based on individual and combined ITS, LSU, and tef1 sequences, revealing a close relationship to species of Phaeocytostroma and Stenocarpella. The pathogen's morphological features were decisive in classifying it within the Stenocarpella genus, thus it was named S. chrysopogonis.The leading cause of Fusarium crown rot (FCR) in wheat is the fungus Fusarium pseudograminearum. Phenamacril, a fungicide classified as 2-cyanoacrylate, has a controlling effect on illnesses originating from Fusarium. The study examined the inhibition of F. pseudograminearum by phenamacril, and its control over FCR. Phenamacril's impact on F. pseudograminearum's mycelial growth was substantial, resulting in EC50 values varying between 0.00998 and 0.05672 g/mL across 63 tested strains. The average EC50, 0.0340300872 g/mL, establishes a benchmark for evaluating F. pseudograminearum's sensitivity to phenamacril. F. pseudograminearum conidia germination was suppressed by phenamacril, presenting an EC50 value within the range of 50273 to 264814 g/mL. Our research indicated a teratogenic impact on conidia and blastotubules, which resulted in an increased rate of conidia germination from the middle cells and highly efficient inhibition of F. pseudograminearum sporulation, with an EC50 value between 0.00770 and 0.01064 g/mL. No meaningful link was found between the susceptibility of Fusarium pseudograminearum to phenamacril and its susceptibility to fludioxonil, carbendazim, tebuconazole, and kresoxim-methyl. In vitro and greenhouse experiments demonstrated that a 0.125 L AI/g treatment exhibited the most effective control of wheat crown rot, achieving 878% and 773% suppression in respective assays. At the Luoyang experimental sites, phenamacril exhibited a substantial 839% reduction in FCR. Studies have shown that phenamacril demonstrably outperforms FCR in controlling the condition. This investigation has established a groundwork for understanding phenamacril's mode of action on F. pseudograminearum, while simultaneously providing a theoretical underpinning for its utilization in FCR.A prevalent plant disease, powdery mildew, is triggered by the fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. The damaging foliage disease affecting wheat, tritici (Bgt), is found worldwide. Aegilops geniculata, a crucial genetic resource according to Roth, offers valuable traits for enhancing wheat's resistance to powdery mildew. The findings of this study suggest that Ae. geniculata accession PI 487224 is impervious to powdery mildew. A genetic analysis of progeny from PI 487224 and PI 487228, including the F1, F2, and F23 generations, revealed that powdery mildew resistance in PI 487224 is governed by two distinct, dominant genes situated on separate, non-homologous chromosomes. Bulked segregant RNA-sequencing, coupled with genetic linkage analysis of a single resistance gene segregation population, and marker analysis of a set of 14 wheat-Ae. accessions, was instrumental in identifying resistance genes. Resistance gene PmAege7M, found in geniculata chromosome addition lines, was positioned within a 49 cM interval delineated by STS7-55926 and SNP7-45792/STS7-65911 on the long arm of chromosome 7Mg in PI 487224, aligning with 60473-62282 Mb on the long arm of 7D, as revealed through Ae studies. The *Tauschii* reference genome, version Aet v40. The markers of PmAege7M, closely associated with Ae. geniculata in this investigation, will aid in the transfer of PmAege7M into common wheat and the precise localization of the gene.Zhou et al. (2021) report that the Sanhua plum (Prunus salicina L.) has been cultivated for more than seventy years across the vast expanse of Babu district in Hezhou, Guangxi. In August 2021, an approximately 50% incidence of leaf spot disease was documented on Sanhua plum leaves located in the Babu district of Hezhou, Guangxi province, within the geographical coordinates N23°49'–24°48', E111°12'–112°03'. The initial symptoms presented as small, round, and chlorotic spots. With the advancement of the illness, the lesions expanded in size, and their edges turned a dark brown hue. For pathogen isolation, 5 mm by 5 mm fragments of the infected tissue perimeter were sterilized through a 10-second exposure to 75% ethanol, followed by a 1-minute immersion in 2% sodium hypochlorite, and concluding with three rinses in sterile water. At 28 degrees Celsius, pieces were placed in potato dextrose agar (PDA) for incubation. Three trees' leaves produced a collection of 75 isolates. Sixty-seven percent of the specimens, numbering fifty, were morphologically similar and isolated. Three isolates, HZ13-1, HZ26-3, and HZ47-1, were selected as subjects of further study. The surface of PDA cultures, initially characterized by white, fluffy unevenness, eventually turned a smoky gray or olivaceous shade. The reverse sides' color evolution, from olivaceous gray to iron gray, was complete after seven days. Mycelial growth exhibited a rate of 25 centimeters per 24 hours. Exposure to near-fluorescent light, ten hours a day, resulted in conidia production after two weeks had passed. Fusiform, hyaline, and thin-walled conidia exhibited smooth surfaces with granular interiors, and were unicellular. Measurements for HZ13-1 were 197,013,58,006 m (n=90), while HZ26-3 conidia measured 198,009,65,023 m (n=90), and HZ47-1 conidia measured 206,020,67,012 m (n=90). The attributes exhibited were congruent with the reported features of Botryosphaeria wangensis, as per Hattori et al. (2021). The ITS, EF1-alpha, and tubulin genes were amplified from DNA extracted from mycelia, employing the primer pairs ITS1/ITS4, EF1-728F/EF1-986R, and T1/BT2b, respectively. The procedures of White et al. (1990), Carbone et al. (1999), and Yu et al. (2021) were followed. The GenBank database comparison demonstrated that all sequences shared over 99% identity with the type strain of B. wangensis CERC 2298, in accordance with the research by Li et al. (2020).