Capillary electrophoresis is often plagued by unstable and unrepeatable results. In this paper, some novel modes are derived theoretically and illustrated by separation examples, as expected these modes can resist the change of some conditions under certain prerequisites and obtain super stable electropherograms. They are weighted mobility spectrometry, migrated charge spectrometry, charge density spectrometry, molar charge density spectrometry, diffusion coefficient spectrometry, liquid-phase mass spectrometry, and their ratio spectrometry. The first four are real-time measurement modes while the others are post-experimental modes. These modes need to develop new devices and algorithm, but they are all highly promising and worth of further exploitation.Linear electroseparations in vacuum, gas phase and liquid phase have created mass spectrometry, ion mobility spectrometry, electrophoresis and capillary electrophoresis. However, they have not systematized yet, developing independently, with their own theory, not related to each other. In this paper, unified motion equations were derived from the second law of Newtonian mechanics combined with electrostatic theory. From them, the general sub-equations of motion and measurement modes of all the above-mentioned methods were deduced and discussed briefly. These equations are not only helpful to systematize these existing methods but also are usable to deduce and discover novel electro-separation modes.Life processes such as metabolism and energy conversion are catalyzed by biological enzymes. The changes of enzymatic activity in organisms can lead various diseases. Thus, it is imperative to develop novel methods of analyzing enzymatic activities for gaining deeper insights into metabolic processes, disease diagnosis, and drug development. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) has the advantages of high separation efficiency, fast analysis speed, and simple operation; moreover, it requires less sample and can be combined with a variety of detection methods. Therefore, CE has attracted increasing attention for enzyme analysis. Enzyme analysis based on CE mainly includes off-line mode and on-line mode. In the off-line mode, the enzyme and substrate are incubated outside the capillary, and then the product is introduced into the CE for analysis. In the on-line mode, the capillary is not only used as a separation channel, but also as an enzyme reaction site. Therefore, the on-line mode facilitates all steps of enzymatrch and progress of our research group in the field of IMER preparation by DDI technology are presented. At present, the research on the preparation of novel IMER based on DNA nanotechnology, such as DDI, is in the initial stage and there is much scope for development and research. see more Based on the previous studies, we can focus on the following aspects (1) building a more efficient catalytic IMER cascade reaction system by immobilizing target enzymes in specific regions of the capillary based on DDI; (2) aiming at the problems existing in the preparation of IMER, such as stability, enzymatic activity, and enzyme immobilization capacity, while taking advantages of DNA structure and nanomaterials to prepare novel IMERs to promote the wide application of CE-IMER in enzyme analysis.Sample preparation is a critical step in complex sample analysis, which enables analyte isolation and preconcentration from a complex matrix. Therefore, sample preparation is an effective approach to enhance the sensitivity, selectivity, and accuracy of the analytical method. However, the transfer of target analytes from a random state in the original sample matrix to a highly ordered pre-analysis state involves an entropy reduction process that cannot occur spontaneously. Therefore, sample preparation is always a time-consuming, labor-intensive, and error-prone process. Introducing additional energy or reducing the entropy of the system can enhance the separation and enrichment effects as well as accelerate sample preparation. The introduction of an electric field into an online sample preparation system can not only introduce additional energy into the system, but also drive the directional migration of the sample among the separation, enrichment, and detection processes, ensuring that the entropy reductionction online separation and enrichment techniques, a supporting liquid membrane is used to eliminate the matrix interference, enabling large-scale real sample application. These techniques have received increasing attention in the research area of electrically-driven force based online separation and enrichment. Overall, rapid separation and enrichment techniques are highly desired in complex sample analysis, and electrically-driven force based online approaches offer significant application potential, especially in food, the environment, and medicine.With the development of materials science, micro/nano processing technologies, and mass transport theories at the micro/nano scale, nanochannel-based technology has been receiving increasing attention. Nanochannels can be classified as biological and artificial. The size of a nanochannel is typically 1-100 nm, which greatly enhances the interaction between the channel surface and substances inside the channel, inducing several special mass transport properties such as ion selectivity, ionic current rectification, and resistive current pulse. Ion selectivity is caused by the electrostatic interaction between ions and the surface charge of the nanochannel, ionic current rectification arises from the asymmetric distribution of the electrochemical potential inside the nanochannel, and a resistive current pulse is generated by the blocking of the nanochannel during the transport of ions/molecules. By taking advantage of these mass transport properties, nanochannels can be applied to various fields. For example, gass transport theories. Nanochannel-based technology requires interdisciplinary efforts at the intersection of chemistry, materials science, and nanotechnology, and shows good promise for solving basic problems in biology, environment, and energy. Herein, we briefly describe the mass transport properties of nanochannels and some emerging developments and applications, and finally provide a brief outlook on this field.