For the CPC reactor with suspended TiO2, the paracetamol elimination reached 98% after 300 min; however, for the fixed-bed reactor, TiO2 immobilized on cellulose-based paper was utilized, which yielded an almost 99% reduction in the PAR concentration after 90 min only of solar irradiation.Aloe vera is an important commodity plant which has been traditionally used for the treatment of various diseases. This study investigated the use of extracted bioflocculant from Aloe vera for the treatment of textile wastewater. The bioflocculant was extracted, purified and characterized using GC-MS, FTIR, SEM, AFM, EDX and XRD analysis. It was mainly composed of carbohydrate (19.5%) and protein (6.0%). Box-Behnken design (BBD), using 3 level-3 variables, was employed to enhance the decolorization process by optimizing the effect of various factors. A significant enhancement from 62.50 ± 0.1 to 82.01 ± 0.8% in decolorization of wastewater was observed under optimized conditions viz. bioflocculant dosage (60 mg/L), pH (5.0) and contact time (180 min). A quadratic polynomial model was adequate beside the actual statistics at an R2 value of 0.99 for the response decolorization % and was in good agreement with the predicted value (82.01 ± 0.1%) obtained by the RSM model. The results of the present investigation demonstrated that Aloe vera mucilage can serve as a promising bioflocculant with high removal efficiency for solids, colour and dye from wastewater. To the best of our information, this is the first report on the use of Aloe vera mucilage as a natural bioflocculant for the treatment of dye-bearing wastewater.Three main parameters affecting TiO2/SiO2/Fe3O4 nanoparticles activity in photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange were investigated using response surface methodology (SRM). Precipitation method and sol-gel technique were used to prepare SiO2/Fe3O4 electromagnetic composite support and TiO2/SiO2/Fe3O4 photocatalytically active nanoparticles. The specific surface area, pore volume, and average pore size of the synthesized nanoparticles were respectively equal to 56 m2/g, 0.12 cm3/g and 9.4 nm. The point of zero charge (PZC) of the catalyst was measured to be 5.9. The maximum and minimum photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange using the synthesized nanoparticles were 100% and 30%, respectively. A linear model was fitted to the obtained results with R2adjusted equal to 0.87. The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that catalyst concentration, reaction media pH and aeration rate were significantly affected the photocatalytic activity. Optimization was performed considering photocatalytic activity as the main objective functions. In order to maximize photocatalytic activity, catalyst loading, reaction media pH and aeration rate were respectively adjusted to 2,000 ppm, 3 and 2.5 L/min, which resulted in total methyl orange removal. Considering promising photocatalytic activity of TiO2/SiO2/Fe3O4 along with core-sell nanocomposite separation performance led us to propose this photocatalyst as an alternative solution for treating waste waters.This study investigates the removal of sulfamethizole (SFZ) in ozone (O3), O3/Na2S2O8 (sodium persulfate), UV/Na2S2O8, UV/O3, and UV/O3/Na2S2O8 systems. The effects of pH and salinity on SFZ mineralization were evaluated. The mineralization of SFZ followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. At pH 5, the rate constants of SFZ mineralization in O3, O3/Na2S2O8, UV/Na2S2O8, UV/O3, and UV/O3/Na2S2O8 systems were 0.576, 0.924, 0.702, 1.26, and 5.21 h-1, respectively. The SFZ mineralization rate followed the order pH 5 > pH 7 > pH 9 in all tested advanced oxidation processes. Salinity increased the rate of SFZ mineralization in O3 and O3/Na2S2O8 systems and decelerated it in UV/Na2S2O8, UV/O3, and UV/O3/Na2S2O8 systems. UV/O3/Na2S2O8 was the best system for mineralizing SFZ, and sulfate radicals were the predominant species in UV/O3/Na2S2O8.The hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanostructures were synthesized by thermal oxidation of metal at 500 °C under atmospheric pressure. Cell Cycle inhibitor We studied the effect of the electrochemical pretreatment of the substrate before calcinations and its impact on the morphology, crystalline structure, lattice microstructural, and optical properties of α-Fe2O3. Uniform nanosheets were observed on the sample surface after calcination; their dimension and morphology were accentuated by the pretreatment, as confirmed by the SEM images. The characteristics of the nanostructures, analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), revealed a rhombohedral symmetry with the space group R-3c and lattice constants a = 0.5034 nm and c = 1.375 nm. The average crystallite size and strain, determined from the Williamson-Hall (W-H) plot, showed substantial variations after the substrate pretreatment. The Raman spectroscopy confirmed the changes in the crystal properties of the hematite submitted to pretreatment. The diffuse reflectance allowed to evaluate the optical gap which lies between 1.2 and 1.97 eV, induced by the electrochemical processing. The photocatalytic activity of α-Fe2O3 films was assessed by the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under LED light; 15% enhancement of the degradation for the pretreated specimens was noticed.The widespread uptake of household water-saving systems (i.e. appliances, fittings, rainwater harvesting tanks, etc.) usually aims to reduce the gap between water demand and supply without considering the performances of downstream sanitary sewers (SSs). This paper presents an analysis approach that examines the lifespan interaction of water-saving schemes (WSSs) and operation of existing SSs. Examined are three probable ways of using (or not using) these water systems, including the conventional (baseline), full application and optimal selection of efficient WSSs. For optimality, a method that maximises the WSS potential efficiency (overall) and minimises the cost of WSSs including the associated savings across the entire existing SS subject to constraints at the end of the planning horizon has been formulated. The problem is solved using a non-dominated genetic algorithm to obtain optimal solutions. Decision variables include various water use (or saving) capacities of water-saving schemes at different inflow nodes (locations).