al benefits must be weighed against the risks inherent to the procedure. To assess the accuracy of a simplified approach for the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) based on the complete blood cell count (CBC) and reticulocyte analysis. Five hundred fifty-six consecutive, nonselected patients referred for diagnosis and/or treatment of anemia were included in this diagnostic study to compare the performance of reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (RET-He) versus traditional biochemical markers for diagnosis and treatment of IDA. Complete blood count, serum ferritin, iron, and transferrin saturation were performed as clinically indicated. Reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent was measured with a Sysmex XN-450 analyzer on the residual CBC sample. Selleckchem Navoximod The study period was from September 20, 2017, through and including November 15,2018. Patients (N=556) were studied at baseline, of whom 150 were subsequently treated with intravenous iron. Receiver operating characteristic analysis yielded an RET-He cut-off of 30.7 pg to identify IDA (area under curve, 0.733; 95% CI, 0.692 to 0.775), with 68.2% sensitivity and 69.7% specificity. Patients (n=240) were seen at follow-up, with 57 treated and 183 not treated with intravenous iron. Responsiveness was defined as a hemoglobin increase of ≥1.0 g a combination of RET-He <28.5 pg and hemoglobin value <10.3 g/dL had 84% sensitivity and 78% specificity as response predictor (area under the curve, 0.749; 95% CI, 0.622 to 0.875). Data from CBC and RET-He can identify patients with IDA, determine need for and responsiveness to intravenous iron, and reduce time for therapeutic decisions. Limitations of this study are uncontrolled design, its single-site and retrospective nature, and that it requires prospective validation.Data from CBC and RET-He can identify patients with IDA, determine need for and responsiveness to intravenous iron, and reduce time for therapeutic decisions. Limitations of this study are uncontrolled design, its single-site and retrospective nature, and that it requires prospective validation.Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a medical emergency and is disproportionately associated with higher mortality and long-term disability compared with ischemic stroke. The phrase "time is brain" was derived for patients with large vessel occlusion ischemic stroke in which approximately 1.9 million neurons are lost every minute. Similarly, this statement holds true for ICH patients due to a high volume of neurons that are damaged at initial onset and during hematoma expansion. Most cases of spontaneous ICH pathophysiologically stem from chronic hypertension and rupture of small perforating vessels off of larger cerebral arteries supplying deep brain structures, with cerebral amyloid angiopathy being another cause for lobar hemorrhages in older patients. Optimal ICH medical management strategies include timely diagnosis, aggressive blood pressure control, correction of underlying coagulopathy defects if present, treatment of cerebral edema, and continuous assessment for possible surgical intervention. Current strategies in the surgical management of ICH include newly developed minimally invasive techniques for hematoma evacuation, with the goal of mitigating injury to fiber tracts while accessing the clot. We review evidence-based medical and surgical management of spontaneous ICH with the overall goal of reducing neurologic injury and optimizing functional outcome. The management of papillary thyroid microcarcinomas with TERT ± BRAF V600E mutations remains controversial owing to their potential associations with tumor aggressiveness. This study evaluated the clinical implications of these mutations in management of patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinomas. Between June 2019 and October 2020, surgical specimens from 504 consecutive patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinomas were obtained at a tertiary hospital. The mutation statuses of TERT promoter and BRAF V600E were assessed by polymerase chain reaction. The prevalence and relationships of TERT ± BRAF V600E mutations with clinical, radiological, and pathological characteristics were evaluated. Of 504 patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinomas, TERT ± BRAF V600E mutations were found in 3.2% (16/504). Of these 16 patients, 93.8% (15/16) of papillary thyroid microcarcinomas with TERT promoter mutations also harbored BRAF V600E mutations. Correlation analysis showed that TERT ± BRAF V600E mutations were not associated with aggressive clinical, radiological, or pathological features (P > .05). The presence of lymph node metastasis was not associated with mutation status (P= .834). TERT ± BRAF V600E mutations in patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinomas are not associated with any unfavorable clinicopathological features, including lymph node metastasis status.TERT ± BRAF V600E mutations in patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinomas are not associated with any unfavorable clinicopathological features, including lymph node metastasis status.ObjectiveThis paper provides an update and overview of the law governing direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising of autologous stem cell interventions (ASCIs) in Australia. It follows significant changes to the advertising regulations made in 2018.MethodsThe paper reviews the three primary sources or 'centres' of law regulating ASCIs in Australia, together with the relevant guidance documents that supplement these sources. It provides analysis of how the post-2018 advertising regulations, contained in the Therapeutic Goods Act 1989 (Cwlth), apply to all 'biologicals', including ASCIs. It demonstrates how these three sources of law interact with one another and outlines the new tiered offence regime that applies to contraventions of these prohibitions.ResultsThe analysis demonstrates that DTC advertising of ASCIs in Australia is strictly controlled, with primary legislation prohibiting the advertising of biologicals altogether.ConclusionsThe polycentric legal regime regulating biologicals in Australia clearly makes DTC advertising of ASCIs unlawful. Health practitioners who promote ASCIs, either online, in print or in other media forms, may be penalised in different ways and by different authorities.What is known about the topic?Although several analyses have examined the regulation of ASCIs in Australia, no analysis has studied the reforms made in 2018 relating to the advertising of biologicals. As such, this analysis contributes a fresh examination of these relatively recent reforms.What does this paper add?This analysis clarifies the effects of these new advertising regulations, providing clear guidance on the relevant legal provisions for the benefit of health practitioners and health professionals more generally.What are the implications for practitioners?Health practitioners, especially those who offer ASCIs, should be aware that civil and criminal penalties are likely to be imposed on individuals who promote biologicals in Australia by any means.