The systemic administration of CFZ-A6-PMs to subcutaneous LP-1 xenografts in mice brought about notably more potent tumor suppression, higher survival rate and lower systemic toxicities than clinically used CFZ-CD formulation. These A6-tagged core-disulfide-cross-linked micelles appear interesting for targeted delivery of proteasome inhibitors to CD44+ MM.Alkaline high-level waste (HLW) generated as a result of years of nuclear weapons production has complicated composition and requires comprehensive treatment methods, which would allow concentrating its most radiotoxic components in a small volume for geological disposal. We have investigated six alkyl-substituted o-phenylenediamine-derived sulfonamides for extraction and consecutive stripping of Sm(III) from alkaline aqueous media. Up to 81% of Sm(III) recovery at pH 13.0-13.5 was achieved by disulfonamide (dsa) or dsa/Et3N in CH2Cl2, measured after contact with organic phases and subsequent stripping with 0.1 M HNO3. The use of Et3N dramatically enhances Sm(III) extraction at lower pH ranges (10.5-11.5) but decreases extraction at pH 13.0-13.5, while control experiments with Et3N and no dsa showed no extraction. Analysis of the extraction equilibria gave a 11 sulfonamide-Sm(III) complexation ratio, with the extracted species also presumed to contain coordinated H2O or OH-, as also shown by DFT calculations. Titration experiments of sulfonamides with Sm(III) in CH3CN were consistent with a 11 complexation ratio of dsa-6 to Sm(III) with a K11 = 6.6 × 107 M-1 derived from nonlinear regression analysis of the 11 binding isotherm. Theoretical DFT calculations determined the structures of possible species formed during extraction and the thermodynamics of extraction processes based on several initial [Sm(OH)y(NO3)z(H2O)x]3-y-z species and 11 Sm(III)/dsa-32- complexes formed in the organic phase, in which dsa complexes to Sm(III) in its bis-deprotonated form (denoted below as dsa-32-). Organization of close ion pairs of type Na[Sm(dsa-32-)(OH)2]·2H2O was shown to be thermodynamically favorable for extraction from alkaline aqueous media with pH = 13.0-13.5. Theoretical calculations also demonstrated thermodynamically favorable coordination to Am(III).A new method for measurement of elemental analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of unknown samples is discussed here as a quick and robust means to measure elemental ratios without the use of internal or external calibration standards. The determination of elemental ratios was done by normalizing the signal intensities by the frequency dependent quality factor (Q) and the gyromagnetic ratios (γ) for each measured nucleus. The correction for the frequency dependence was found by characterizing the output signal of the probe as a function of the quality factor (Q) and the frequency, and the correction for γ was discussed in a previous study. A Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) pulse sequence was used for evaluation of the relative signal intensities, which allows for derivation of elemental ratios, and was correspondingly used to simultaneously measure the T2* of samples for an added parameter for more accurate identification of unknown samples.A valuable approach to chemical safety assessment is the use of read-across chemicals to provide safety data to support the assessment of structurally similar chemicals. An inventory of over 6000 discrete organic chemicals used as fragrance materials in consumer products has been clustered into chemical class-based groups for efficient search of read-across sources. We developed a robust, tiered system for chemical classification based on (1) organic functional group, (2) structural similarity and reactivity features of the hydrocarbon skeletons, (3) predicted or experimentally verified Phase I and Phase II metabolism, and (4) expert pruning to consider these variables in the context of specific toxicity end points. The systematic combination of these data yielded clusters, which may be visualized as a top-down hierarchical clustering tree. In this tree, chemical classes are formed at the highest level according to organic functional groups. Each subsequent subcluster stemming from classes in this hierarchy of the cluster is a chemical cluster defined by common organic functional groups and close similarity in the hydrocarbon skeleton. CHIR-99021 By examining the available experimental data for a toxicological endpoint within each cluster, users can better identify potential read-across chemicals to support safety assessments.Physical oncology recognizes tissue stiffness mediated by activation of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) and extracellular matrix remodeling as an active modulator of tumorigenesis, treatment resistance, and clinical outcome. Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly aggressive and chemoresistant desmoplastic cancer enriched in CAF. CCA's stroma mechanical properties are considered responsible for its chemoresistant character. To normalize tumor mechanics, we propose a physical strategy based on remotely light-activated nanohyperthermia to modulate the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we report the use of multifunctional iron oxide nanoflowers decorated with gold nanoparticles (GIONF) as efficient nanoheaters to achieve complete tumor regression following three sessions of mild hyperthermia. The preferential uptake of GIONF by CAF allowed targeting this cell population, which resulted in a significant early reduction of tumor stiffness followed by tumor regression. In conclusion, our study highlights a spatially and temporally controlled physical strategy, GIONF-mediated photothermal therapy to deplete CAF and normalize the tumor mechanics that may apply to desmoplastic cancer and CCA treatment.In this Perspective, I present a concise account concerning the emergence of the research field investigating the phononic and thermal properties of graphene and related materials, covering the refinement of our understanding of phonon transport in two-dimensional material systems. The initial interest in graphene originated from its unique linear energy dispersion for electrons, revealed in exceptionally high electron mobility, and other exotic electronic and optical properties. Electrons are not the only elemental excitations influenced by a reduction in dimensionality. Phonons-quanta of crystal lattice vibrations-also demonstrate an extreme sensitivity to the number of atomic planes in the few-layer graphene, resulting in unusual heat conduction properties. I outline recent theoretical and experimental developments in the field and discuss how the prospects for the mainstream electronic application of graphene, enabled by its high electron mobility, gradually gave way to emerging real-life products based on few-layer graphene, which utilize its unique heat conduction rather than its electrical conduction properties.