Investigating the neurobiological mechanism of suicidal ideation (SI) in major depressive disorder (MDD) may be beneficial to prevent the suicidal behavior. Mounting evidence showed that habenula contributed to the etiology of MDD. The habenula is a key brain region that links the forebrain to midbrain, crucial for the processing of reward and aversion. The aim of the present study was to identify whether first-episode, drug-naive MDD patients with SI displayed altered habenula neural circuitry. Forty-three and 38 drug-naïve patients with first-episode MDD with or without SI (SI+/- group) and 35 healthy control subjects (HC) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. The whole-brain habenula static (sFC) and dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) were calculated to identify regions showing significant difference among these three groups followed by region of interest to region of interest post hoc analysis. For sFC, compared with SI- and HC groups, SI+ group showed decreased sFC from habenula to the precuneus and the inferior frontal gyrus. Patients with MDD displayed increased sFC from habenula to the putamen but decreased sFC to the precentral gyrus. For dFC, SI+ group showed increased dFC from habenula to the superior temporal gyrus, the precuneus, but decreased dFC to the lingual gyrus, the postcentral gyrus, when comparing with SI- and HC groups. Patients with MDD, regardless of SI, displayed decreased dFC from the habenula to the angular gyrus. These findings provide evidence that SI in first-episode, drug-naïve patients with MDD may be related to an abnormality in habenula neural circuitry, which may provide the theoretical basis of novel treatments.Despite decades of randomized-controlled trials demonstrating the efficacy of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT), the mechanisms by which CBT achieves its effects remain unclear. Here, we describe how one adaptive intervention, the sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART), can be used to randomize patients at multiple decision points in treatment to draw stronger causal claims about mechanisms unfolding in the course of CBT. We illustrate this design using preliminary data and case examples from an ongoing SMART in which we are testing the role of aversive reactions to negative emotions as a hypothesized mechanism of change in the Unified Protocol. Finally, we address common concerns with SMARTs and highlight how mechanistic research serves to personalize and optimize the delivery of CBT.Background Coronavirus disease-19 (Covid-19) is one of the most devastating epidemics in the 21st century, which has caused considerable damage to the physical and mental health of human beings. Despite a few regions like China having controlled the epidemic trends, most countries are still under siege of COVID-19. see more As the emphasis on cleaning and hygiene has been increasing, the problems related to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) may appear. Objective This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of OCD in the urban population in Wuhan during the stage of regular epidemic control and prevention. Meanwhile, characteristics and risk factors for OCD were also explored. Method Five-hundred and seventy residents in urban areas of Wuhan were recruited using the snowball sampling method to complete questionnaires and an online interview from July 9 to July 19, 2020. Collected information encompassed socio-demographics, Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) scores, Social Support Rating Scale (SS the background of regular epidemic control, the prevalence of OCD was high, and the symptoms were widely distributed. Obsessions often accompanied compulsions. Being single and a student, positive family history of OCD and other mental disorders, presence of psychiatric comorbidity, and longer sleep latency were predictors of OCD. Early recognition and detection of these issues may help to intervene in OCD.Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a form of experience-dependent synaptic plasticity mediated by glutamatergic transmission at N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs). Impaired neuroplasticity has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, possibly due to underlying NMDAR hypofunction. Analogous to the high frequency electrical stimulation used to induce LTP in vitro and in vivo in animal models, repeated high frequency presentation of a visual stimulus in humans in vivo has been shown to induce enduring LTP-like neuroplastic changes in electroencephalography (EEG)-based visual evoked potentials (VEPs) elicited by the stimulus. Using this LTP-like visual plasticity paradigm, we previously showed that visual high-frequency stimulation (VHFS) induced sustained changes in VEP amplitudes in healthy controls, but not in patients with schizophrenia. Here, we extend this prior work by re-analyzing the EEG data underlying the VEPs, focusing on neuroplastic changes in stimulus-evoked EEG oscillatory activity following VHFS. EEG data were recorded from 19 patients with schizophrenia and 21 healthy controls during the visual plasticity paradigm. Event-related EEG oscillations (total power, intertrial phase coherence; ITC) elicited by a standard black and white checkerboard stimulus (~0.83 Hz, several 2-min blocks) were assessed before and after exposure to VHFS with the same stimulus (~8.9 Hz, 2 min). A cluster-based permutation testing approach was applied to time-frequency data to examine LTP-like plasticity effects following VHFS. VHFS enhanced theta band total power and ITC in healthy controls but not in patients with schizophrenia. The magnitude and phase synchrony of theta oscillations in response to a visual stimulus were enhanced for at least 22 min following VHFS, a frequency domain manifestation of LTP-like visual cortical plasticity. These theta oscillation changes are deficient in patients with schizophrenia, consistent with hypothesized NMDA receptor dysfunction.Introduction The importance of peer support workers in mental health care delivery has been extensively advocated for in mental health policy frameworks. However, there has been limited research examining the implementation of paid peer workers in clinical settings. This study explores the experience of paid peer support workers integrated within a clinically-operated community-based residential rehabilitation service for people diagnosed with a mental health disorder experiencing challenges living independently in the community. Methods A general inductive approach was taken in the analysis of diaries completed by a newly employed peer workforce. These diaries focussed on what they viewed as significant interactions in fulfilling their role. Composite vignettes were generated to illustrate key themes. Findings Thirty-six diaries were provided; these reported unplanned and spontaneously occurring interactions. Peer workers emphasized the importance of connecting with people while they were engaging in everyday activities as an opportunity for personal growth of the residents.