Among quoting articles, 7 (6% [3%; 13%]) showed a pattern of predominantly quoting index articles from the time span relevant to the calculation of the impact factor. Discussion Quotations are important for the message of the quoting paper. Therefore, quotation errors may be detrimental to scientific reasoning and may undermine public trust in medical science. The present investigation is a case study, and its results are exploratory. While it is plausible that the findings translate into other environments, independent replication is needed.Introduction In potentially curable non-small-cell lung cancer, different practice guidelines recommend invasive me-diastinal staging in tumors larger than 3 cm, central, or hy-permetabolic N1 lymph nodes. There is no consensus concerning the use of an endosonographic procedure or a mediastinoscopy in the first line in patients with a radiologically normal mediastinum, while in case of a mediastinal involvement, the latest European guidelines recommend the combination of endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) and endoscopic ultrasound/endoscopic ultrasound with EBUS endoscope (EUS/EUS-B), using a systematic endosonographic procedure. This international survey was conducted to describe current medical practices in endoscopic mediastinal staging amongst interventional bronchoscopists. Methods A survey was developed and sent to all members of different interventional pulmonology societies, with the purpose to describe who, when and how an endoscopic mediastinal staging was performed. Results One hundred and fifty-threeers. A fellowship program appears to be associated with a higher rate of systematic endoscopic staging procedures.Background Addiction Consult Services care for hospitalized patients with substance use disorders (SUD), who frequently utilize costly medical services. This study evaluates whether an addiction consult is associated with 30-day acute care utilization. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of 3905 inpatients with SUD. Acute care utilization was defined as any emergency department visit or re-hospitalization within 30 days of discharge. Inverse probability of treatment weighted generalized estimating equations logistic regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between receipt of an addiction consult and 30-day acute care utilization. Exploratory subgroup analyses were performed to describe whether this association differed by type of SUD and discharge on medication for addiction treatment. Results The 30-day acute care utilization rate was 39.5 % among patients with a consult and 36.0 % among those without. Addiction consults were not significantly associated with care utilization (Adjusted Odds Ratio 1.02; 0.82, 1.28). No significant differences were detected in subgroup analyses; however, the decreased odds among patients with OUD given medication was clinically notable (AOR 0.69; 0.47, 1.02). Discussion Repeat acute care utilization is common among hospitalized patients with SUD, particularly those seen by the addiction consult services. While this study did not detect a significant association between addiction consults and 30-day acute care utilization, this relationship merits further evaluation using prospective studies, controlling for key confounders and with a focus on the impact of medications for opioid use disorder.Silicon is absorbed by plant roots as silicic acid. The acid moves with the transpiration stream to the shoot, and mineralizes as silica. In grasses, leaf epidermal cells called silica cells deposit silica in most of their volume by unknown mechanism. Using bioinformatics tools, we identified a previously uncharacterized protein in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), which we named Siliplant1 (Slp1). Slp1 is a basic protein with seven repeat units rich in proline, lysine, and glutamic acid. We found Slp1 RNA in sorghum immature leaf and immature inflorescence. In leaves, transcription was highest just before the active silicification zone (ASZ). There, Slp1 was localized specifically to developing silica cells, packed inside vesicles and scattered throughout the cytoplasm or near the cell boundary. These vesicles fused with the membrane, releasing their content in the apoplastic space. A short peptide that is repeated five times in Slp1 precipitated silica in vitro at a biologically relevant silicic acid concentration. Transient overexpression of Slp1 in sorghum resulted in ectopic silica deposition in all leaf epidermal cell-types. Our results show that Slp1 precipitates silica in sorghum silica cells.Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of disease ranging from steatosis, steatohepatitis, fibrosis and eventually cirrhosis. Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2), a new hepatokine, may be involved in energy metabolism. This study aims to 1) evaluate the association between LECT2 and NAFLD in multiple models; and 2) investigate the role of circulating LECT2 in the development of NAFLD in a multi-center cohort study. Western blotting, qPCR and ELISA were performed to evaluate hepatic and circulating LECT2 levels. siRNA, shRNA and AAV-plasmid were used to genetically modulate LECT2 expression. Eltanexor Multiple models included AML12 hepatocytes exposure to palmitic acid, high fat diet/ methionine-choline deficient diet-fed C57BL/6J female mice, mice injected with liver X receptor agonist/ tunicamycin/ various inflammatory mediators, and ob/ob mice. This study shows that hepatic LECT2 expression and circulating levels are elevated in multiple rodent NAFLD models and significantly induced in response to lipid deposition in the liver. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation also promote LECT2 expression and release. Gain-and loss-of-function studies reveal that LECT2 impacts NAFLD development and progression. Furthermore, a 6-year follow-up study of 1,278 subjects confirms the association between circulating LECT2 and the risk of NAFLD. Baseline LECT2 combines with Fatty liver index shows an performance (AUROC 0.735) to predict NAFLD development during the follow-up. In conclusion, LECT2 is expressed and released in response to NAFLD and liver injury. This study suggests the potential of LECT2 to be a biomarker for NAFLD.