The nanodumbbells create effective hot-electrons injection and a separation of electron holes, which provides great convenience for the production of ROS and allows NIR-II light induced PDT for the inhibition of bacteria and biofilms. As a result, comparably, our well-defined ACA hybrid nanodumbbells can generate about 40-fold superoxide radicals (·O2-) and more hydroxyl radicals (·OH). Therefore, the MIC value of the as-synthesized nanodumbbells is lower than the value of 1/16 of core-shell ACA. In vivo results further demonstrate that our nanodumbbells exhibit excellent PDT efficacy.Peptide/protein therapeutics have been significantly applied in the clinical treatment of various diseases such as cancer, diabetes, etc. owing to their high biocompatibility, specificity, and therapeutic efficacy. However, due to their immunogenicity, instability stemming from its complex tertiary and quaternary structure, vulnerability to enzyme degradation, and rapid renal clearance, the clinical application of protein/peptide therapeutics is significantly confined. Though nanotechnology has been demonstrated to prevent enzyme degradation of the protein therapeutics and thus enhance the half-life, issues such as initial burst release and uncontrollable release kinetics are still unsolved. Moreover, the traditional administration method results in poor patient compliance, limiting the clinical application of protein/peptide therapeutics. Exploiting the sustained-release formulations for more controllable delivery of protein/peptide therapeutics to decrease the frequency of injection and enhance patient compliance is thus greatly meaningful. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the substantial advancements of protein/peptide sustained-release systems in the past decades. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of all these sustained-release systems in clinical application together with their future challenges are also discussed in this review.Noncovalent chalcogen-chalcogen interactions are being actively investigated from both crystallographic and theoretical viewpoints in recent years. According to our search of the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD), a huge number of crystal structures containing triangular Ch3 synthons were extracted. On the basis of the results of the CSD survey, a series of trimeric complexes of organic divalent chalcogen molecules were selected to model such interaction motifs. Similar to that in conventional chalcogen bonds, triangular interchalcogen interactions become gradually stronger along the sequence of Ch = S, Se, Te. Particularly, hydrogen bonds between the chalcogen centers and the H atoms in the substituents occur, which play a significant role in stabilizing the Ch3 motifs in the trimers. Through multibody energy calculations, the complexes under study exhibit no or only weak cooperativity. Finally, the differences between the Ch3 interaction motifs and the well-studied windmill X3 bonding (X means halogen and this is halogen bond) patterns were elucidated.The reconstruction of blood perfusion is a crucial therapeutic method to save and protect cardiac function after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The activation of the hepatocyte growth factor precursor (pro-HGF) has a significant effect on promoting angiogenesis and antiapoptosis. The oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) caused by AMI could induce vascular adventitia fibroblasts to differentiate into myofibroblasts and secrete the pro-HGF. Meanwhile, the specific Met receptor of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is upregulated in endothelial cells during AMI. However, the poor prognosis of AMI suggests that the pro-HGF is not effectively activated. Improving the activation efficiency of the pro-HGF may play a positive role in the treatment of AMI. Herein, we designed supramolecular nanofibers self-assembled by compound 1 (Comp.1, Nap-FFEG-IVGGYPWWMDV), which can strongly activate the pro-HGF and initiate HGF-Met signaling. Studies have proven that Comp.1 possesses a better ability to activate the pro-HGF to perform antiapoptosis and pro-angiogenesis. In vivo results have confirmed that the retention time of Comp.1 and its accumulation in the infarct area of the heart are promoted. Moreover, Comp.1 plays an effective role in promoting angiogenesis in the marginal area of AMI, reducing myocardial fibrosis, and protecting cardiac function. Herein, we will optimize the structure of bioactive peptides through supramolecular self-assembly and amplify their therapeutic effect by improving their efficiency, providing a new strategy for the therapy of AMI.This study proposes an efficient, facile, and scalable strategy to synthesize in situ heteroatom-doped porous graphene via laser direct writing on the precursor-doped polyimide (PI) film, which is fabricated for the first time through incorporating PI powder and precursors with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) binder by a drop-casting and low-temperature drying process. The resulting microsupercapacitors (MSCs) based on the as-prepared heteroatom-doped porous graphene exhibit remarkable capacitive performance. The typical boron-doped MSC prepared on borax-doped polyimide film possesses an ultrahigh areal capacitance of 60.6 mF cm-2 at 0.08 mA cm-2, which is approximately 20 times larger than that of undoped MSC. Furthermore, the boron-doped MSC has impressive cycling stability (with the capacitance retention of 96.3% after 20 000 cycles), exceptional mechanical flexibility, tunable capacitance, and voltage output through arbitrary modular serial and parallel integration. PF-4708671 Besides, the nitrogen-doped porous graphene with excellent capacitive performance is also prepared by laser direct scribing on the sulfonated melamine-doped polyimide film, demonstrating excellent scalability and generality of this strategy. Hence, one-step laser direct writing on precursor-doped polyimide films can realize in situ heteroatom doping and generation of hierarchical porous graphene electrodes simultaneously, which opens a new avenue for the facile, cost-effective, and scalable fabrication of heteroatom-doped porous graphene, thus promising for MSCs and various flexible and wearable electronics at large-scale production.