001). Eighty-three percent (34/41) of patients were still taking pain medication at 1 week, which decreased to 38% (18/48) at 1 month. At 3 months, 21% (8/39) patients reported they were still using pain medication. At 1 month, 65% of patients (31/48) had not returned to their prior activity level. Of the 39 patients who played sports, 59% (23/39) still had not fully returned to sports at 1 month. At 1 month following tension band plating, 65% of patients had not returned to their preoperative activity level, and 38% were taking pain medications. Although the tension band plate and surgical incision is small in size, patients and parents should be counseled that there are significant activity limitations and pain levels for a month or longer in many patients. Level II.Level II. Diagnosis and treatment for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) varies greatly depending on condition severity, age at diagnosis, and professional opinion. Little is known about patient experiences across the globe. We aimed to characterize global patient and caregiver experiences during DDH care and to highlight patient-identified priorities. We developed a cross-sectional survey in collaboration with 7 DDH outreach organizations. DDH patients and/or their caregivers (above 18 y old) were invited to complete an international online survey about their experiences. this website Participants were recruited through web media of all collaborating organizations. Data collection took place over 3 months. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze quantitative results. Qualitative content analysis was used to categorize open-ended responses. A total of 739 participants completed the survey, representing 638 (86.3%) parents/guardians of DDH patients, and 101 (13.7%) patients. Three hundred eighty-six (52.2%) participaort those affected. Global educational efforts are needed to raise awareness of DDH risk factors, signs, and symptoms among care providers, to increase awareness and improve identification, screening, and monitoring of at-risk children.Results demonstrate that DDH diagnosis and treatment can pose significant burden on patients and caregivers. Reliable public information is needed to support those affected. Global educational efforts are needed to raise awareness of DDH risk factors, signs, and symptoms among care providers, to increase awareness and improve identification, screening, and monitoring of at-risk children. Frankly dislocated hips occur in ∼1% to 3% of infants with developmental dysplasia of the hip and are often difficult to treat. In the most severely dislocated hips, the femoral head is positioned outside the posterior/lateral rim of the acetabulum and is irreducible, that is, the femoral head will not reduce by positioning the leg. The purpose of this study was to determine risk factors, using univariate and multivariate analyses, for Pavlik harness failure in infants who initially presented with irreducible/dislocated hips (confirmed by dynamic sonography). Following institutional review board approval, 124 infants (170 hips) with frankly dislocated hips treated using a Pavlik harness between 2000 and 2018 were evaluated. Patients' demographic characteristics, clinical findings, dynamic sonographic findings (dislocated-fixed vs. dislocated-mobile), age at onset of Pavlik harness treatment, duration of harness usage, and follow-up treatments were recorded. Univariate analyses were used to determine risk actors for failure of Pavlik harness treatment were onset of treatment after the seventh week of age, infants of multigravida mothers, and initial hip mobility (fixed-dislocated hips) by dynamic sonography. Level III.Level III. A successful disease screening strategy requires a high incidence of the condition, efficacy of early treatment, and efficient detection. There is limited population-based data describing trends in incidence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) in the United States and potential role of school screening programs on the incidence of AIS. Thus, we sought to evaluate the incidence of AIS over a 20-year period between 1994 and 2013 using a population-based cohort. The study population comprised 1782 adolescents (aged 10 to 18 y) with AIS first diagnosed between January 1, 1994 and December 31, 2013. The complete medical records and radiographs were reviewed to confirm diagnosis and coronal Cobb angles at first diagnosis. Age-specific and sex-specific incidence rates were calculated and adjusted to the 2010 United States population. Poisson regression analyses were performed to examine incidence trends by age, sex, and calendar period. The overall age-adjusted and sex-adjusted annual incidence of AIS was 522.5 [95% confidence interval (CI) 498.2, 546.8] per 100,000 person-years. Incidence was about 2-fold higher in females than in males (732.3 vs. 338.8/100,000, P<0.05). The incidence of newly diagnosed AIS cases with radiographs showing a Cobb angle >10 degrees was 181.7 (95% CI 167.5, 196.0) per 100,000 person-years. The overall incidence of AIS decreased significantly after discontinuation of school screening in 2004 (P<0.001). The incidence of bracing and surgery at initial diagnosis was 16.6 (95% CI 12.3, 20.9) and 2.0 (95% CI 0.5, 3.4) per 100,000 person-years, respectively. Overall population-based incidence of AIS decreased after school screening was discontinued. However, incidence of patients with a Cobb angle >10 degrees, initiation of bracing and surgery did not change significantly over time. This provides further data to help determine the role of scoliosis screening. Level III.Level III. Children with neuromuscular disorders regularly seek care from pediatric orthopaedic surgeons. These conditions can have a significant impact on the growth and development of children and their function and well-being as adults. Questions exist about the long-term outcomes of musculoskeletal interventions performed during childhood. A search of recent literature pertaining to the musculoskeletal and functional consequences of cerebral palsy, spina bifida, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and spinal muscle atrophy was performed. Information from those articles was combined with the experience of the authors and their institutions. Neuromuscular conditions can result in limb and spine deformities that lead to impaired physical function. Orthopaedic interventions during childhood can improve function and well-being and can be durable into adulthood. Unfortunately, many individuals with these conditions transition to adult health care that lacks the informed, collaborative multidisciplinary care they received as children.