This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro effects of syringic acid on human colorectal cancer cells (SW-480) and the effect of orally administered syringic acid on in vivo models of colorectal cancer induced in rats by administration of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). In vitro effects of syringic acid treatment on human colorectal cancer SW-480 cell lines were assessed by performing cell proliferation assay (MTT and Trypan Blue staining), apoptosis assays (TUNEL assay, Annexin-V/PI flowcytometry and lactate dehydrogenase release assay), measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant enzymes and DNA damage, and evaluating protein levels of proliferative genes, and autophagy markers. In vitro anti-cancer roles of syringic acid were studied in rats with DMH-induced colorectal cancer cells. The effect of orally administered syringic acid (50 mg/kg) on tumor growth and incidence was studied in four groups (n = 6) of animals injected with DMH and treated for 15 weeks. Syringic acid treatment resulted in a significant dose-dependent inhibition of cellular proliferation, induction of apoptosis through increasing cellular ROS and DNA damage levels, as well as downregulating major proliferative genes. In vivo, treatment of rats with syringic acid demonstrated a statistically significant tumor volume and incidence reduction when compared to the control. This is the first study demonstrating an in vivo growth inhibitory effect of orally administered syringic acid on colorectal tumors in rats.Dark Leathery Surface of Geoduck Clams (LSGC) is an alteration that affects the periostracum of the mantle and siphon of Panopea generosa from the northwest coast of Canada and Mexico. This alteration affects commercialization and possibly the survival of the clams. The cause of LSGC is unknown but has been correlated with presence of fungi and protozoans. We detected a similar alteration in Panopea globosa from Baja California, Mexico and the histophagous ciliate Uronema marinum was isolated from affected siphon tissue. U. marinum was identified by its morphology and by genetic analysis of the gene 18S rRNA. This is the first record of LSGC in P. globosa and the first identification of a histophagous protozoan associated with it. To compare the use of the parent-report Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC-17P) and youth-report Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Modified for Teens (PHQ-9M) in compliance with recent quality standards for adolescent depression screening. Parents of 5411 pediatric outpatients (11.0-17.9years old) completed the PSC-17P, which contains scales that assign categorical risk for overall (PSC-17P-OVR), internalizing (PSC-17P-INT), externalizing (PSC-17P-EXT), and attention (PSC-17P-ATT) problems. Adolescents completed the PHQ-9M, which assesses depressive symptoms. Both forms were completed online within 24hours of each other before pediatric well-child visits. A total of 9.9% of patients (n=535) were at risk on the PSC-17P-OVR, 14.3% (n=775) were at risk on the PSC-17P-INT, and 17.0% (n=992) were at risk on either or both scales (PSC-17P-OVR and/or PSC-17P-INT). Using the PHQ-9M cut-off score of 10 (moderate-very severe depression), an additional 2.4% (n=131) were classified as at risk, with 66.8% (n=263) of all depression as well as overall screening in pediatrics. Primary care clinicians can add the PHQ-9M to identify additional adolescents who may self-report depressive symptoms. To compare the effects of 2 treatment options on neurodevelopmental and laboratory outcomes in young children with nonanemic iron deficiency. A blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of children 1-3years with nonanemic iron deficiency (hemoglobin ≥110g/L, serum ferritin <14μg/L) was conducted in 8 primary care practices in Toronto, Canada. Interventions included ferrous sulfate or placebo for 4months; all parents received diet advice. The primary outcome was the Early Learning Composite (ELC) using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (mean 100, SD 15). Secondary outcomes included serum ferritin. Measurements were obtained at baseline and 4 and 12months. Sample size was calculated to detect a between-group difference of 6-7 points in ELC. At enrollment (n=60), mean age was 24.2 (SD 7.4) months and mean serum ferritin was 10.0 (SD 2.4) μg/L. For ELC, the mean between-group difference at 4months was 1.1 (95% CI -4.2 to 6.5) and at 12months was 4.1 (95% CI -1.9 to 10.1). For serum ferritin, at 4months, the mean between-group difference was 16.9μg/L (95% CI 6.5 to 27.2), and no child randomized to ferrous sulfate had a serum ferritin <14μg/L (0% vs 31%, P=.003). For young children with nonanemic iron deficiency, treatment options include oral iron and/or diet advice. We remain uncertain about which option is superior with respect to cognitive outcomes; however, adding ferrous sulfate to diet advice resulted in superior serum ferritin outcomes after 4months. Shared decision-making between practitioners and parents may be considered when selecting either option. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01481766.Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01481766. To examine whether adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and physical punishment (ie, spanking) are unique risk factors for behavior problems in early childhood, and whether ACEs moderate the associations of spanking with child behavior problems. We conducted prospective, longitudinal analyses on 2380 families in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. Mothers reported outcomes of externalizing and internalizing behavior problems at age 5 years; and the main predictors, ACEs and spanking, at age 3 years. ACEs included 9 items physical abuse, emotional abuse, physical neglect, emotional neglect, mother's exposure to intimate partner violence, parental mental health problem, parental substance use, parental incarceration, and parental death. Multilevel models examined the associations between ACEs, spanking, and behavior problems, and the moderating effect of ACEs in the associations of spanking with behavior problems. BMS-265246 nmr Analyses were adjusted for preexisting behavior problems, demographics, and neighbildren and providing appropriate intervention to children at risk.