However, on multivariate analysis, only presence of drain for >4 days (p = 0.04) and positive bile culture (p = 0.02) was linked with increased risk of SSI. Most common organism isolated was E coli (73.2%), with 100% sensitivity to Colistin and Tigecycline shown by gram negative isolates. Preoperative biliary stenting alone did not increase the risk of SSI, but the positive bile culture correlated with SSI irrespective of PBD. Most biliary pathogens were resistant to commonly used antibiotics and intraoperative bile culture will aid in providing appropriate antibiotic coverage.Preoperative biliary stenting alone did not increase the risk of SSI, but the positive bile culture correlated with SSI irrespective of PBD. AZD0156 manufacturer Most biliary pathogens were resistant to commonly used antibiotics and intraoperative bile culture will aid in providing appropriate antibiotic coverage. Acute respiratory illness is the leading cause of hospitalization for young children. Current guidelines recommend against testing to identify specific viruses due to a lack of data on the benefit of such testing. This study was designed to characterize epidemiology, hospital course, and outcomes of the various common virus -related hospitalization in children. Single-center retrospective chart review. All patients who had respiratory viral panel sent within 48 h of admission. Comparative demographic and outcome analysis. Statistical analysis using ANOVA and multivariable regression. 1831 patients met the study criteria. Rhinovirus was the most common virus (55.9%). Coronavirus had the highest proportion of infants (61.2%), while influenza had the least (17.8%). Positive urine culture identified in 8.1% of patients, with blood and urine positivity at 2% each. Rhinovirus and parainfluenza were spread throughout the year, while Corona, RSV, and influenza were more predominant in winter months. Overall PICU admission rate 22.8% and was highest for RSV (28.0%) and lowest for adenovirus (13.5%). No difference in ICU length of stay among different virus. Intubation rate was 5.6% with a median duration of 5 days. Median hospital length of stay was 2 days and differ significantly with different virus (maximum four RSV and metapneumo virus). Mortality in the study population was 0.3%. The difference in the disease course of different viruses may justify the resources required to test for the respiratory viral panel. This study data can serve as a benchmark for comparison of disease course of COVID-19 compared to other viral infections.The difference in the disease course of different viruses may justify the resources required to test for the respiratory viral panel. This study data can serve as a benchmark for comparison of disease course of COVID-19 compared to other viral infections. Bacteroides fragilis group, the most encountered anaerobic bacterium is emerging with resistance to antibiotics. This study explores the antibiogram and occurrence of resistance genes in isolates of B fragilis group from clinical samples. In this study the antimicrobial susceptibility test was done using commercially available E strip test and the results were recorded according to CLSI guidelines. Genotypic investigations were performed by conventional PCR to detect the target resistant genes. Ceftriaxone, cefoxitin, clindamycin and imipenem were found to be the most resistant antimicrobials in E test method. Metronidazole has shown resistance in 7 strains in vitro while resistance nim genes were detected in 12 strains from 62 randomly selected isolates. Other resistance genes (cfiA, ermF and cepA) were expressed at 58%, 62.9% and 48.3% respectively, among these strains. B fragilis group harbouring the resistant genes may not be fully expressed phenotypically. Hence, detection of these genes by PCR might be necessary for a pertinent conclusion.B fragilis group harbouring the resistant genes may not be fully expressed phenotypically. Hence, detection of these genes by PCR might be necessary for a pertinent conclusion. Device-associated infections (DAIs) are an important cause of excessive stay and mortality in ICUs. Trauma patients are predisposed to acquire such infections due to various factors. The prevalence of HAIs is underreported from developing nations due to a lack of systematic surveillance. This study reports the rates and outcomes of DAIs at a dedicated Trauma Center in trauma patients and compares the rates with a previous pilot observation. The study reports the finding of ongoing surveillance and the use of an indigenous software at a level-1 trauma center in India. Surveillance for ventilator-associated pneumonia, central line-associated bloodstream infections, and catheter-associated urinary tract infections was done based on standard definitions. The rates of HAIs and the profile of pathogens isolated from June 2010 to December 2018 were analyzed. A total of 7485 patients were included in the analysis, amounting to 68,715 patient days. The rates of VAP, CLABSI, and CA-UTI were respectively 12, 9.8 1st 8.5/1000 device days. There was a significant correlation between device days and the propensity to develop infections. Of the 1449 isolates recovered from cases of DAIs, Acinetobacter sp (28.2%) was the most common isolate, followed by Candida sp. A high rate of multi-resistance was observed. Automated surveillance was easy and useful for data entry and analysis. Surveillance data should be used for implementing preventive programs.Automated surveillance was easy and useful for data entry and analysis. Surveillance data should be used for implementing preventive programs.A 31 years old male presented with fever, dry cough, weight loss. Patient was found to be HIV positive and was started on empirical Anti-tubercular drugs (ATT). However, his symptoms persisted and he developed pancytopenia along with jaundice, and was shifted to our health care facility for further investigations. The patient has a history of travel to Bali and Thailand a few months ago. Patient was examined and relevant investigations were performed.In the modern COVID-19 pandemic, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positivity has a major role in the diagnosis of the disease. However, in deciding the patient's discharge or de-isolation, its role is still debatable. We are, hereby, describing three cases (an intern, a nursing officer and a caretaker of another patient) where only RT-PCR could not help much since it was persistently positive for >20 days of the illness course. Instead, the cycle threshold (Ct) values could have better correlated with the infectivity of COVID. We propose a rising trend (24 h apart) and absolute Ct value > 25, instead of RT-PCR negativity (which was taken as Ct value > 36 in our laboratory), to be used in deciding the infective potential of the patients, their discharge from the hospital and de-isolation of the patients. This will help in the timely discharge of patients from health-care institutions and home isolation, which, as a result, will lead to optimal utilisation of the limited hospital resources we have available in the line of the ongoing pandemic.