y across all years of a nursing program to optimize care for both patients in pain and those coping with substance use disorders. There is currently no observational instrument for assessing pain in aged patients who are unable to provide self-report in long-term care hospitals in Korea. The goal of this research was to culturally adapt and test the validity, reliability, and feasibility of the Korean version of the Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia Scale. This was a methodologic study aiming to translate the Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia Scale. The inpatients in a 270-bed LTC hospital in D metropolitan city were assessed pain levels. The Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) Scale was used as an observation scale to assess 192 long-term care hospital patients, with observation durations of 1 and 5 minutes. The interrater reliability (1 minute) for the scale showed substantial kappa agreement of .62, and scores for the 1- and 5-minute observations showed almost perfect agreement of .95. The criterion validity of the scale (1 minute) was high relative to the Face-Legs-Activity-Cry-Consolability (FLACC) Scale, and low compared with the numeric rating scale (NRS). Discriminant validity was established between patients with and without pain. The feasibility of the Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia Scale-Korean Version (PAINAD-K) (1 minute) indicated low sensitivity of 41.3% and high specificity of 92.6%. Therefore, the PAINAD-K is a valid and reliable tool to determine the absence of pain in non-verbal aged patients.Therefore, the PAINAD-K is a valid and reliable tool to determine the absence of pain in non-verbal aged patients. H. pylori plays a major role in gastroduodenal diseases. Since its incidence is decreasing in developed countries, gastric biopsies were negative in several patients managed in clinical practice. We tested whether EndoFaster  - a device allowing real-time H. pylori detection by gastric juice analysis - may optimize the need of biopsies. In this prospective, multicentre study, the accuracy of EndoFaster for H. pylori detection was computed by using histology of gastric biopsies as a gold standard. Data of 525 consecutive patients were available, including 90 (17.1%) patients with infection. Tat-BECN1 Autophagy activator Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and overall accuracy of EndoFaster were 87%, 84%, 53%, 97% and 85%, respectively. The overall accuracy of test was not affected neither by ongoing proton pump inhibitor therapy nor by previous eradication therapy. By using EndoFaster in our series, biopsy sampling could have been eventually avoided in a total of 279 patients, accounting for a reduction of 42.3%, accepting the risk of only 8 false negative cases. The very high NPV of EndoFaster might allow to safely halve the need of taking gastric biopsies in unselected patients managed in clinical practice, avoiding an unavailing consume of health resources.The very high NPV of EndoFasterⓇ might allow to safely halve the need of taking gastric biopsies in unselected patients managed in clinical practice, avoiding an unavailing consume of health resources. The impact of adherence to follow-up examination after a fecal occult blood test (FOBT) remains ill-defined. To evaluate the impact of adherence to the follow-up examination on clinical outcomes in individuals with positive FOBT results. This was a retrospective cohort study involving Korean individuals aged 50 years or older who participated in the National Cancer Screening Program for CRC from 2009 to 2010. Individuals who underwent a confirmative examination within a year after positive FOBT results were included in compliant group, and those who did not were included in non-compliant group. The incidence and stage of CRC, and 5-year survival were compared between two groups. 5,914 were diagnosed with CRC in the compliant group and 2,973 in the non-compliant group. The proportion of advanced-stage CRC was significantly higher in the non-compliant group (localized CRC 44.6% vs. 36.7% and distant CRC 8.7% vs. 12.5%, p< 0.0001). The survival probability within 5 years was 71.0% in the non-compliant group and 85.9% in the compliant group (hazard ratio 1.70, 95% CI, 1.52-1.90, p< 0.001). Individuals who underwent follow-up examination 1 year or more after positive FOBT had a lower survival rate compared with that in those who underwent examination within 1 year.Individuals who underwent follow-up examination 1 year or more after positive FOBT had a lower survival rate compared with that in those who underwent examination within 1 year.The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the most commonly affected internal organ system in systemic sclerosis (SSc). SSc may lead to impaired function in any region of the GI tract, from the esophagus to the anorectum, which causes significant morbidity as well as mortality in patient subsets. Given the low prevalence of SSc in the community, many rheumatologists may not have a systematic framework for diagnosing or treating the GI complaints in this disease. These practice recommendations aim to summarize and consolidate the current guidelines from the fields of gastroenterology and rheumatology and establish a symptom-based framework for diagnosis and management based on available evidence in the literature. Subject areas that are in need of additional research are also identified. In aviation, significant improvements in safety have been attributed to a system of voluntary reporting of errors and hazards by pilots and other frontline personnel. Such a system is lacking in health care. A system to allow physicians to self-report their clinical care errors along with insights to prevent recurrence ("self-reported learning [SRL] system") was established in three hospitals and used for four years in one center and for two years in two others. Clinicians were educated in how to use the system and encouraged to report deviations from standard care by secure e-mail, a telephone hotline, or the institutional incident reporting system. Events were included in the SRL system only if clinicians self-reported them prior to others doing so. Submissions were analyzed for evidence of primary insight, recognition of error, and secondary insight. Physicians were surveyed afterward about their attitudes toward clinical peer review, the physician's role in errors, and the SRL program. There were 117 SRL submissions (less than 5% of clinical peer review cases); 86 had complete information available.