health care providers, online sources, family and friends, etc.). Nearly all respondents reported they would use an NCPA (  = 153, 99.4%). During interviews women had positive feelings towards such an app due to it offering new and individualised information, but worried the app could provide upsetting information. This research elaborates on women's uses of and interest in FTAs. Stakeholders should use this research to reflect on current conception experiences and possibilities for improvement through development of an NCPA. Future research should seek opinions from a more diverse sample of women to inform the development of an inclusive NCPA.This research elaborates on women's uses of and interest in FTAs. Stakeholders should use this research to reflect on current conception experiences and possibilities for improvement through development of an NCPA. Future research should seek opinions from a more diverse sample of women to inform the development of an inclusive NCPA.Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are increasingly produced and used today, but health risks due to their occupational airborne exposure are incompletely understood. Traditionally, nanoparticle (NP) toxicity is tested by introducing NPs to cells through suspension in the growth media, but this does not mimic respiratory exposures. Different methods to introduce aerosolized NPs to cells cultured at the air-liquid-interface (ALI) have been developed, but require specialized equipment and are associated with higher cost and time. Therefore, it is important to determine whether aerosolized setups induce different cellular responses to NPs than traditional ones, which could provide new insights into toxicological responses of NP exposure. This study evaluates the response of human alveolar epithelial cells (A549) to zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs after dry aerosol exposure in the Nano Aerosol Chamber for In Vitro Toxicity (NACIVT) system as compared to conventional, suspension-based exposure cells at ALI or submerged. Similar to other studies using nebulization of ZnO NPs, we found that dry aerosol exposure of ZnO NPs via the NACIVT system induced different cellular responses as compared to conventional methods. ZnO NPs delivered at 1.0 µg/cm2 in the NACIVT system, mimicking occupational exposure, induced significant increases in metabolic activity and release of the cytokines IL-8 and MCP-1, but no differences were observed using traditional exposures. While factors associated with the method of exposure, such as differing NP aggregation, may contribute toward the different cellular responses observed, our results further encourage the use of more physiologically realistic exposure systems for evaluating airborne ENM toxicity.Working conditions of nurses in general palliative care in Germany - A cross-sectional survey Abstract. Background Most terminally ill people are treated within general palliative care including outpatient care, nursing homes and hospitals. In contrast, only a small number is treated within specialised palliative care. Nursing research within the framework of palliative care focuses on the latter. To investigate the working conditions of nurses working in general palliative care and to analyse potential differences between nurses in outpatient care, in nursing homes and in hospitals. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among nurses working in outpatient care, in nursing homes and in hospitals. The questionnaire included questions about working conditions, parts of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire and self-developed questions. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were conducted. 437 questionnaires entered final analyses (response rate 16.7 %). On average, nurses spend 20 % of their working time with palliative care. Every fourth nurse (n = 104) express the wish for an additional qualification in palliative care. The following demands are reported confrontation with pain, death and dying, as well as care of relatives. 59 % (n = 249) of the nurses evaluate the quality of palliative care as good / very good. Nurses are faced with demands, which so far had only been a subject of discussion within the framework of the specialised palliative care. Further steps for action, in particular the additional qualification in palliative care for nurses, should be discussed.Nurses are faced with demands, which so far had only been a subject of discussion within the framework of the specialised palliative care. Further steps for action, in particular the additional qualification in palliative care for nurses, should be discussed.We report a case of traumatic C3-C4 disc prolapse in a 58 years old male, who underwent ACDF at our centre. On the third post-operative day, a hypopharyngeal rent with implant exposure was discovered. The patient suffered aspiration pneumonitis. He was tracheostomised and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) feeding was started. He was managed conservatively with appropriate antibiotics and physiotherapy. VVD-130037 order He recovered and after 6 months the PEG was removed and oral feeding resumed. He was doing well 42 months after the initial surgery. The free base and protonated nicotine forms in e-cigarette aerosol have shown different absorption profiles in users. Therefore, it is also important to identify the factors which can affect the ratio of these nicotine forms in the aerosol. Such factors may include nicotine concentrations, flavors, PGVG ratios, types of nicotine chemical compounds and e-cigarette battery power outputs. The current study attempts to identify such factors using a controlled experiment. The aerosol was generated using validated aerosol generating model. Various factors were tested for their effect on nicotine forms. Additionally, a degradation study of one of the nicotine compounds, nicotine salicylate, was also carried out using mass spectrometry. The free base nicotine in the aerosol was found to be affected by flavors, battery power output, nicotine compound type and PGVG ratios. Based on the preliminary mass spectrometry data, degradation of nicotine salicylate was found to be one of the significant factors affecting free base nicotine in aerosol.