Many of the nation's school systems that were once desegregated have resegregated by race and socioeconomic status-some more so than others. We investigate the relationship between public opinion about school diversity and levels of resegregation in five Southern school districts with varying amounts of resegregation Charlotte, NC; Louisville, KY; Nashville, TN; Raleigh, NC; and Rock Hill, SC. Drawing upon case studies of the five districts and a unique public opinion dataset of over 5000 respondents, we find the relationship between attitudes toward diverse education and levels of desegregation strengthens when we control for respondents' race. In all five locales, we find a strong positive correspondence between Whites' attitudes and actual levels of desegregation. At the same time, we observe a negative relationship between Black respondents' attitudes toward school diversity and desegregation levels. We explore possible reasons for these relationships.In social research, investigating sensitive, highly personal or embarrassing issues by means of standard survey techniques based on direct questioning leads to refusals to answer or false responses which, generally, flaw the validity of the analyses and produce incorrect inferences. To correct biases induced by nonresponse or underreporting of sensitive matters, Warner (1965) introduced an indirect questioning approach, known as the randomized response technique, which allows researchers to estimate the proportion of individuals with sensitive attributes or behaviors, while ensuring respondents' privacy protection. In this article, we consider the randomized response model proposed by Christofides (2003) and, through a simulation and an empirical study, compare different estimation methods for the prevalence of a sensitive attribute. Specifically, we discuss how the model has been implemented in a pilot study to collect data and derive maximum likelihood and Bayesian estimates for the proportion of non-heterosexuals aged 20 years or older for the Taiwanese population and for some subgroups of it by sex and age. Our analysis, and in particular the Bayesian approach, seems to meet the expectation of social researchers and experts of sexual behaviors. In fact, the produced estimates are higher than official findings in Taiwan obtained by direct questioning in face-to-face interviews and provide a more reliable picture of sexual identity in the country. Moreover, Bayesian estimates appear more accurate than those produced by the method of moment and the maximum likelihood method.Latent TB infection is one of the most important issues which has not been addressed well so far. As we all know, unless measures are taken to diagnose LTBI and treat it effectively, END TB strategy may not achieve its' goals in time. This article highlights the impact of LTBI particularly among PLHIV, WHO recommendations for the diagnosis and management of LTBI, various treatment options for the management of LTBI and research priorities to address LTBI better.TB in prisons and among HCW is a major public health concern in countries having high burden of disease. Prompt detection of TB is must in prisons by screening on entry, passive screening, mass screening and contact screening via clinical evaluation, smear microscopy and chest X-rays. The new rapid diagnostic methods - True-NAAT, CBNAAT and Line Probe Assay are important tools in the diagnosis. Implementation of effective preventive measures at every steps in various settings, along with airborne infection control and protective measures for staff must be ensured.A public health worry as is Tuberculosis (TB) has been making more than 10 million people globally suffer from its terror and causing more than 2 million people worldwide to lose their lives every year. Mankind is putting all its efforts, since the discovery of the causative bacilli, to come up with some dramatic improvements in providing high-quality TB diagnostic services. Nevertheless, it poses a challenge and many people with TB remain use only smear microscopy for diagnosis. In an environment where transmission is becoming easier by the day the challenge becomes burdensome once disease gets associated with drug resistance, HIV, other diseases, etc. It becomes of paramount importance to address this biggest public health challenge delivering timely diagnosis using advanced technologies. Initial microscopic examination forms the backbone of TB diagnosis since 100 years along with clinical confirmations. Newer advanced diagnostic tools coming into play are genotypic assays (LPA, CBNAAT, LAMP) that are rapid molecular tests, and culture methods (liquid culture media) with standard drug susceptibility testing assays. Program ideates to correlate these rapid molecular diagnostics with turn-around time (TAT) as low as around 2 hours, with conventional standard methods. These help in reinforcing the diagnostic capacities and also provide identification of drug resistance patterns for few most important first line and second line drugs. The present day developments have brought these tests to near-patient point of care. Culture tests (liquid culture media) are gold standard technique for the analysis of TB with its increased sensitivity and highest quality over all others. An on-going search under TB diagnostics is to find an efficient, reproducible, cost effective tool with minimal infrastructure requirements. This review conveys the advances made over the past decades in the diagnosis of the disease and drug resistance.Training is the backbone of any public health program and it is true for a vast program like TB. IACS-010759 price It is urgent when the program is aiming to End TB. The strategy that is followed in India for capacity building of TB workers is presented in this article. Various types of trainings that are needed are described in detail. Also enlisted are the different trainings undertaken at NTI for the last five years. Recent times the effect of Covid-19 has resulted in the acceleration of the effort of going for digital platforms and onlinetrainings and is described.This review article highlights some of the key research conducted at the ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (ICMR-NIRT) over the years since its inception in 1956 till the present. The research carried out in the field of tuberculosis at ICMR-NIRT has been a joint effort between the ICMR, NIRT, the TB control program in India with assistance from World Health Organization (WHO) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH), USA. The research carried out at ICMR-NIRT has helped to formulate the national guidelines for the control and the management of tuberculosis in India. The major highlights of the research carried out at ICMR-NIRT are provided in this manuscript.