The next-generation power source, solar energy, holds promise, contingent upon effectively addressing its intermittent nature through innovative energy storage engineering. Solar rechargeable batteries' competitiveness can be significantly improved if a single device can accommodate multiple energy storage scenarios. Subsequently, active electrochemical materials, distinguished by the variety of energy storage types they exhibit, are essential to this energy storage system. Employing dual-duty electrochemical functional materials, this study directed the conceptualization and production of solar energy storage devices applicable in various situations. Subsequently, dual-purpose NiCo2S4 nanosheets were fabricated and integrated into solar rechargeable battery systems. The design and fabrication of a photo-assisted aqueous polysulfide/iodide flow battery, showcasing a charging voltage as low as 0.05 V, revealed the excellent electrocatalytic activity of NiCo2S4 nanosheets in driving aqueous redox reactions. Subsequently, the low charging voltage contributes to a 935% decrease in consumed input electrical energy under one sun's illumination (AM 15, 100 mW cm-2). On the contrary, the photo-facilitated sodium-ion battery, with its NiCo2S4 anode, exhibits an exceptionally low charging voltage of 0.67 volts and a high discharge medium voltage of 1.05 volts. The battery can potentially retain approximately 676 percent of the applied electrical energy under the influence of one sun's illumination.The Cutibacterium avidum isolate TP-CV302, obtained from an acne vulgaris patient in Japan, was characterized by the presence of the erm(X) macrolide-clindamycin resistance factor, situated within the Tn5432 sequence. Although Cutibacterium acnes possesses a mobile genetic element (MGE), this element is not observed in the related species Cutibacterium avidum.The safe and broadly utilized host, Bacillus subtilis, has been instrumental in the production of various recombinant proteins, high-value chemicals, and pharmaceutical compounds. Subsequently, significant attention is being directed towards the metabolic engineering of it. However, the constrained presence of selective markers renders this process challenging and protracted, specifically in the context of multiple-step biosynthetic pathways. By leveraging CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we've established a user-friendly cloning toolkit, designed to efficiently navigate the challenges associated with B. subtilis metabolic engineering, particularly concerning the chromosomal integration site, the promoter, the terminator, and the guide RNA (gRNA) target sequence. Investigations into six promoters revealed promoter strengths varying from 0.9 to 23 times that of the benchmark P43 promoter. In B. subtilis, seven terminators were characterized, and their termination efficiencies each exceeded 90%. Six gRNA targets, located both upstream of the promoter and downstream of the terminator, were thoughtfully engineered. Our confirmation, employing a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter, indicated an integration efficiency of up to 100% at the single-locus integration site. Our toolkit's efficacy in optimizing the expression of lycopene, a crucial industrial target requiring substantial optimization, was clearly demonstrated. The Bacillus subtilis genome was engineered to heterologously express genes for lycopene synthesis, resulting in the manipulation of 13 pivotal genes involved in the lycopene biosynthetic process. Our study showed that the gene cluster ispG-idi-dxs-ispD positively impacted lycopene production, in contrast to the gene cluster dxr-ispE-ispF-ispH, which had a negative impact on lycopene biosynthesis. Accordingly, our multilocus integration strategy empowers the construction of biosynthesis pathways leading to the creation of sophisticated chemicals and pharmaceuticals inside Bacillus subtilis. Presented is a toolkit that allows for rapid cloning and one-step subcloning. This streamlined process enables the transition from plasmid-based to stable chromosome-integrated expression within a production strain, completed within a week. The customized tool's efficacy was observed by incorporating the MEP (2C-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate) pathway, component of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), and hetero-lycopene biosynthesis genes through stable expression within the genome. This tool enables the engineering of B. subtilis strains with diverse recombination events, ultimately increasing its viability and application scope as a biological chassis in industrial settings.While acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) and acetate ligase (ACD) are prevalent among microorganisms, including archaea, their roles in carbon metabolism remain pivotal; yet, relatively few of these enzymes have been examined. Reportedly, anaerobic methanotrophs (ANMEs) accomplish the anaerobic conversion of methane to carbon dioxide, polyhydroxyalkanoate, and acetate. Furthermore, it has been posited that they could leverage acetate for anabolism or the process of aceticlastic methanogenesis. To gain a deeper comprehension of acetate metabolism's potential in ANMEs, we investigated an ACS from ANME-2a, alongside an ACS and an ACD from ANME-2d. The ACS enzyme, a monomeric protein (738 kDa) from ANME-2a, exhibited a more favorable conversion of acetate to acetyl-CoA (Vmax 84 mol mg⁻¹ min⁻¹, Km 0.7 mM) than the less favorable formation of acetate from acetyl-CoA (Vmax 0.4 mol mg⁻¹ min⁻¹, Km 0.2 mM). The ANME-2d's 734-kDa monomeric ACS enzyme displayed equivalent maximum reaction rates (Vmax) in both the forward and reverse directions; 0.9 mol mg⁻¹ min⁻¹ for acetate and 0.3 mol mg⁻¹ min⁻¹ for acetyl-CoA. In acetate synthesis, the ANME-2d heterotetrameric ACD enzyme displayed activity. Batch incubations of enrichment cultures comprised primarily of ANME-2d, supplemented with 13C2-labeled acetate, generated 3 moles of [13C]methane within 7 days. This implies that this anaerobic methanotroph might be capable of reversing its metabolic pathway, enacting aceticlastic methanogenesis through the use of ACS for acetate activation, yet with a low rate of 2 nmol g [dry weight]⁻¹ min⁻¹. The combined outcomes indicate that ANMEs exhibit the capability of incorporating acetate into their metabolic processes, and additionally, utilizing a fraction of the surplus acetate for methane generation. The key role of Acetyl-CoA in carbon metabolism is evident in its location as a connecting point for numerous anabolic and catabolic reactions. The biochemical properties of the ACS and ACD enzymes from ANME-2 archaea are reported in this study. Our understanding of archaeal ACS and ACD enzymes is enhanced by this discovery, given that only a small number of these enzymes have been thoroughly examined to date. Beyond that, we validated the in-situ activity of ACS on ANME-2d, revealing the conversion of acetate to methane by an enrichment culture, wherein ANME-2d organisms predominated.Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a ubiquitous respiratory pathogen, commonly results in lower respiratory diseases, particularly among infants and the elderly. Furthermore, a formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (FI-RSV) vaccine has been observed to trigger severe exacerbated respiratory illnesses. Research into the use of radiation for vaccine development has focused on crafting inactivated or live-attenuated vaccines, which offer superior antigen presentation and broader protective benefits than traditional formalin-based approaches. Through the application of gamma irradiation, an RSV vaccine was produced in this study and its effectiveness against RSV vaccine-induced ERD was assessed in a mouse model. While gamma-irradiated RSV (RI-RSV) exhibited lower carbonylation levels compared to formalin-inactivated RSV (FI-RSV), and RI-RSV stimulated robust antibody production and viral elimination, RI-RSV led to a more pronounced decline in body weight, an increased pulmonary eosinophil infiltration, and augmented pulmonary mucus secretion. In addition, the alteration of prefusion F (pre-F) to postfusion F (post-F) was substantial for both RI-RSV and FI-RSV, the RI-RSV modification being significantly greater than the FI-RSV one. The conversion from pre-F to post-F during irradiation was attributable to reactive oxygen species generated by radiation. Though an effective RSV vaccine production methodology proved elusive, our findings indicated that ERD was a consequence of biochemical modifications occurring during RSV vaccine manufacturing, affecting antigen alteration, not merely the combination of formalin and alum. Consequently, future RSV vaccine development should take into account these biochemical processes. In the realm of viral vaccine production, radiation inactivation stands out for producing a more potent immune response than other inactivation methods by minimizing damage to surface proteins. We observed in our study that the immune response triggered by the radiation-inactivated RSV (RI-RSV) vaccine was comparable to the immune response induced by the formalin-inactivated RSV (FI-RSV) vaccine. The RI-RSV vaccine, while exhibiting less carbonylation than its FI-RSV counterpart, prompted more substantial conformational changes from pre-F to post-F forms, possibly arising from the gamma radiation-catalyzed reactive oxygen species response. This effect may be instrumental in the induction of ERD by RI-RSV. Consequently, external stress-induced protein modifications, causing denaturation from pre-F to post-F states, might account for ERD development in response to the RSV vaccine. Our study generates fresh concepts for inactivating RSV and other viruses, validating the critical contribution of the pre-fusion (pre-F) protein to the effectiveness of RSV vaccines.The poorly understood lytic replication cycle of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) gammaherpesvirus, is a significant research topic. panobinostat inhibitor Although other aspects of viral replication are still being investigated, the lytic replication cycle of alpha and beta herpesviruses is well-characterized. In alpha- and betaherpesvirus lytic infection, the viral genome replicates in a precursor form that includes tandem genomes connected by terminal repeats (TRs). Encapsulated within a capsid, a precursor genomic unit is cleaved at the TR site by the terminase complex.