d (general vs. regional) and early postoperative mortality rates in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty, regardless of type (total vs. partial).Acute urinary retention (AUR) is a common symptom evaluated in the emergency department. It is generally due to an obstructive process such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and can be treated simply with an indwelling foley catheter and urological follow up. Perirectal abscess is a relatively rare cause of urinary retention with no documented prevalence but when present is almost universally accompanied by perirectal pain. We present a 53-year-old male with a four-day history of urinary retention without perirectal pain or additional symptoms, who was found to have a perirectal abscess on digital rectal exam (DRE) and confirmed on computed tomography (CT) imaging.Takayasu's arteritis (TA), also known as "pulseless disease", is a nonspecific inflammatory arteritis of large and medium caliber arteries of unknown aetiology with a predilection for young women of childbearing age. Although the evolution of the disease is not affected during pregnancy, it can result in uncontrolled hypertension, multiple organ dysfunction, and stenosis that hinder regional blood flow. Associated pregnancy, therefore, poses an increased risk to the mother and foetus due to the many cardiovascular complications that can occur in the course of the disease, making anaesthesia for caesarean delivery especially challenging to the anaesthesiologist. We report the successful anaesthetic management of a case of TA undergoing caesarean section in view of a previous caesarean delivery. We also engage in a brief review of the related literature.Cryptococcosis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection caused by Cryptococcus gattii and Cryptococcus neoformans. It affects both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed hosts. Disseminated cryptococcal infection is rare in immunocompetent patients, but the cryptococcal disease's neurological sequelae may be more prominent in this group. We present a case of a 58-year-old male patient with medical comorbidities of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and polycythemia vera. The patient presented with gradual worsening of mental status over one week. He was found to have Cryptococcus neoformans meningoencephalitis and fungemia. selleck products The patient received two weeks of liposomal amphotericin B (LAmB) and flucytosine with excellent clinical response. He was discharged on high dose fluconazole, and he returned to the hospital in one week with new-onset hemiplegia and cryptococcomas on imaging. Prolonged intravenous (IV) treatment of six weeks duration resulted in significant clinical improvement and disease-free state at two years follow-up. This article aims to stress the importance of individualized prolonged IV treatment with liposomal amphotericin B and flucytosine despite good initial response in patients with polycythemia vera and MGUS. This is the first reported case of cryptococcal disease, to the best of our knowledge, in a patient with MGUS and the third case of cryptococcal infection in patients with polycythemia vera in a non-HIV non-transplant state. Prolonged individualized IV treatment should be considered in immunocompetent patients with the above conditions, as this condition, if not adequately treated and relapses, lead to high morbidity and mortality.In the past several decades there has been a continuous growth in the field of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) implantation procedures as well as their technological development. CIEDs utilize transvenous leads that are introduced into the heart via the axillary, subclavian, or cephalic veins, as well as a devices generator that is implanted in a subcutaneous pocket, typically in the pre-pectoral region. Despite this significant improvement, complication rates range from 1-6% with current implant tools and techniques. In this review we will discuss the three central parts of the CIED implantation procedure, their impact on implantation site, infections, and possibilities for its prevention.Pheochromocytoma is a rare neuroendocrine tumor arising from chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla. In most cases, it is benign and tends to remain localized. However since it leads to the development of cardiovascular disease, it is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Treatment options include medical, surgical, or ablative measures, which often adequately control the disease. Primary pheochromocytoma is conventionally treated with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), while stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is preferred for cases with metastasis. However, literature regarding the use of SBRT for the treatment of primary disease is scarce. This case report describes a patient with an inoperable primary adrenal gland pheochromocytoma who was treated with SBRT, resulting in adequate symptomatic control during clinical follow-up.Severe acute respiratory distress coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus is responsible for the current pandemic - coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) plaguing the world. It began spreading as early as January 2020 in the United States (US) and has recently become the leading cause of death amongst adults over 45 years of age. Much of its clinical presentation is already known, and there have been advances in its successful treatment with a food and drug administration (FDA) approved antiviral medication called remdesivir, and other proven investigational methods with clinical benefits including dexamethasone and COVID-19 antibody transfusion called convalescent plasma therapy. However, the recommendations for their use include COVID-19 confirmed patients requiring supplemental oxygen or other forms of respiratory support. In this case report, we describe in detail a unique case of severe COVID-19 infection that did not require any form of oxygen support but was treated successfully with antiviral medications and steroids. The purpose of this report is to highlight in detail an unusual COVID-19 presentation with rhabdomyolysis, myocarditis, and pancytopenia severe enough to require hospitalization and treatment with proven COVID-19 therapy to achieve clinical resolution.