The results suggest that cortical evoked activity may help in selection patient for surgical recanalization and predict clinical recovery after an acute ischemic stroke.The results suggest that cortical evoked activity may help in selection patient for surgical recanalization and predict clinical recovery after an acute ischemic stroke. To characterize photoparoxysmal EEG response (PPR) using a standardized protocol of intermittent photic stimulation (IPS) and standardized definitions for PPR, classified into six types. Using the SCORE system (Standardized Computer-Based Organized Reporting of EEG) we prospectively built a large database of standardized EEG annotations. In this study, we extracted the features related to PPR from the structured dataset consisting of 10,671 EEG recordings with IPS, from 7,188 patients. The standardized IPS protocol elicited PPR in 375 recordings (3.5%), in 288 patients (4%), with a preponderance among young (11-20years) and female patients (67%). PPR was persistent in patients with multiple recordings. The most frequent type of PPR was activation of preexisting epileptogenic area (58%), followed by generalized-PPR limited to the stimulus train (22%). We could not find any recording with self-sustained posterior response. Seizures were elicited in 27% of patients with PPR, most often myoclonic seizures and absences, in patients with self-sustained generalized PPR. The most common type of PPR was accentuation of preexisting epileptogenic area. Self-sustained posterior response could not be documented. Self-sustained generalized-PPR had the highest association with seizures. Using standardized stimulation protocol and definitions for PPR types, IPS provides high diagnostic yield.Using standardized stimulation protocol and definitions for PPR types, IPS provides high diagnostic yield. We aimed to define the prewarning sign of brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) associated with cerebellar retraction (CR) during microvascular decompression surgery for hemifacial spasm. A total of 241 patients with a latency prolongation of 1ms or an amplitude decrement of 50% of wave V were analyzed. According to BAEPs before significant changes during CR, patients were classified into Groups A (latency prolongation of wave I [≥0.5ms] without prolongation of the I-III interpeak interval [<0.5ms]) and B (no latency prolongation of wave I [<0.5ms] with prolongation of the I-III interpeak interval [≥0.5ms]). BAEPs and postoperative hearing loss (HL) were compared between the two groups. Group B comprised 160 (66.4%) patients. With maximal changes in wave V, latency prolongation (≥1ms) with amplitude decrement (≥50%) was more common in Group B (p<0.018). At the end of the operation, wave V loss was observed in 11 patients, including 10 patients from Group B. Five patients developed postoperative HL; all were from Group B. Latency prolongation of wave III during CR was associated with serious BAEPs changes and postoperative HL. Latency prolongation of wave III is a significant prewarning sign.Latency prolongation of wave III is a significant prewarning sign. To identify the spectrotemporal changes and sources in patients that could "turn on" tinnitus with multichannel electroencephalography (EEG) system. Multichannel EEG was recorded from six patients during the Tinnitus-On and Tinnitus-Off states. MPTP ic50 The EEG power spectrum and eLORETA-based sources were measured. There was a global increase in delta and theta during Tinnitus-On plus large changes in alpha 1 and alpha 2. During the Tinnitus-On state, many new sources in delta, theta, alpha 1 and gamma bands emerged in the opposite hemisphere in the inferior temporal gyrus (Brodmann area, BA 20), middle temporal gyrus (BA 21), lateral perirhinal cortex (BA 36), ventral entorhinal cortex (BA 28) and anterior pole of the temporal gyrus (BA 38). The emergence of new delta, theta and gamma band sources in the inferior temporal gyrus (BA 20), middle temporal gyrus (BA 21) and lateral perirhinal cortex (BA 36) plus the appearance of new delta and theta sources in the ventral entorhinal cortex (BA28) and anterior pole of the temporal lobe (BA 38) may comprise a network capable of evoking the phantom sound of tinnitus by simultaneously engaging brain regions involved in memory, sound recognition, and distress which together contribute to tinnitus severity. The sudden appearance of new sources of activity in the opposite hemisphere within the inferior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus and perirhinal cortex may initiate the perception of tinnitus perception.The sudden appearance of new sources of activity in the opposite hemisphere within the inferior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus and perirhinal cortex may initiate the perception of tinnitus perception.Electrical impedance myography (EIM) technology is finding application in neuromuscular disease research as a tool to assess muscle health. Correlations between EIM outcomes, functional, imaging and histological data have been established in a variety of neuromuscular disorders; however, an analytical discussion of EIM is lacking. This review presents an explanation for clinicians and others who are applying EIM and interpreting impedance outcomes. The background of EIM is presented, including the relation between EIM, volume conduction properties, tissue structure, electrode configuration and conductor volume. Also discussed are technical considerations to guide the reader to critically evaluate EIM and understand its limitations and strengths. To reveal whether neurodevelopmental outcome of infants after epilepsy surgery can be quantitatively assessed by electroencephalography (EEG) functional connectivity analysis. We enrolled 13 infants with posterior quadrant dysplasia aged <2years who were treated using posterior quadrantectomy and 21 age-matched infants. EEG was performed both before and one year after surgery. Developmental quotient (DQ) was assessed both before and 3years after surgery. The phase lag index (PLI) of three different pairs of electrodes in the nonsurgical hemisphere, i.e., the anterior short distance (ASD), posterior short distance (PSD), and long distance (LD) pairs, were calculated as indices of brain connectivity. The relationship between the PLI and DQ was evaluated. Overall, 77% infants experienced seizure freedom after surgery. The beta- and gamma- range PLI of PSD pairs increased preoperatively. All these pairs normalized postoperatively. Simple linear regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between the postoperative DQ and the postoperative beta-band PLI of ASD pairs.