Objective Congenitally corrected and surgical atrial redirected transposition of the great arteries (TGA) represents states where the morphological right ventricle serves as a systemic ventricle (S-RV). The S-RV is prone to failure, but data on medical treatment on this problem is limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the survival in adults with S-RV, with or without heart failure treatment. Design The SWEDCON registry was used to collect data. All adults with S-RV and minimum follow-up of 1 year were included retrospectively. Medical treatment was defined as taking beta-blockers and/or ACE inhibitors and/or ARBs for more than 50% of the time. Results We identified 343 patients with S-RV (median age 21 years). Surgical atrial redirected TGA was present in 58% and congenitally corrected TGA in 42% of patients. The medically treated group (n = 126) had higher rates of impaired S-RV function, use of diuretics, pacemaker and higher NYHA functional class at baseline compared to controls. The proportion of patients with impaired functional class did not change over time in the medically treated group, but increased in controls (21% vs. 30%, p = .015). In Kaplan-Meier analysis, the mean follow-up was 10.3 years, no difference in survival was seen between the groups. Conclusions Medical treatment may be beneficial in patients with S-RV and impaired functional class and appears to be safe in the long term. The treatment group had equal survival to controls, despite worse baseline characteristics, which might be a result of slower progression of disease in this group.Prognostication after cardiac arrest (CA) represents a challenging issue, and several biomarkers have been proposed in the attempt to predict outcome. Among these, F2-isoprostanes stand out as potential biomarkers for early prognostication, providing information on the magnitude of global oxidative injury after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). We performed a topical review searching PubMed and Scopus databases to identify studies evaluating the modifications of F2-isoprostanes in the early period after CA, and a meta-analysis of studies providing curves of F2-isoprostanes plasma levels seeking to describe the biomarker's kinetics after CA. Evidence suggests that plasma levels of F2-isoprostanes increase in the early post-resuscitation period and seem well correlated with the burden of ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Our meta-analysis shows a possible increase as early as 5 minutes after ROSC, which persists at 2 hours and is attenuated at 4 hours. Clinical studies are warranted to evaluate the utility of this biomarker for prognostication purposes in CA survivors.Background Defense personnel utilize capsaicin based ocular sprays as non-lethal agents for law implementation during instances of mob violence. This study involves the capsaicin antagonist Capsazepine, and the investigation whether Capsazepine's antagonistic approach can be favorably utilized for defense utilization to block capsaicin-initiated pain and inflammation via the ocular pathway.Research design and methods Ocular capsazepine in situ gels were prepared with polymers Pluronic F-127 and Chitosan; optimized formulation was quantified in ocular tissues chromatographically and by in vivo live ocular imaging; anti-inflammatory efficacy was determined by eye irritation testing, corneal and retinal imaging, ocular prostaglandin estimation, viability and proliferation testing using human ocular cell lines etc.Results A physico-chemically stable Capsazepine gel was formulated which showed little ocular irritation, considerable transcorneal permeation; was precisely quantified in ocular tissues by gas chromatography and in vivo live ocular imaging; showed anti-inflammatory properties against capsaicin by eye imaging experiments, prostaglandin declination and showed acceptable cyto-compatibility when studied using human ocular cell lines.Conclusions The fabricated in situ Capsazepine gel system might be promising for ocular delivery as it appears a pharmacologically potent and safe development, suitable for utilization in the ocular clinical therapy, provided there is additional research to substantiate it.Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), a highly and unique chaperone, presents as a double-edged sword. It plays an essential role in many physiological and pathological processes, including tumor development. The current review highlights a recent understanding of the roles of HSP90 in molecular mechanisms underlying cancer survival and progression. HSP90 and its client proteins through the regulation of oncoproteins including signaling proteins, receptors and transcriptional factors involved in tumorigenesis. It also has potential clinical application as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for assessing cancer progression. In this way, using HSP90 to develop new anti-cancer therapeutic agents including HSP90 inhibitors, anti-HSP90 antibody, and HSP90-based vaccines has been promising.Over the past several decades, the use of genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs, often referred to as Genetically Modified Microorganisms or GMMs) has become widespread in the production of food processing aids and other food ingredients. GEMs are advancing food production by increasing efficiency, reducing waste and resource requirements, and ultimately enabling beneficial innovations such as the cost-effective fortification of food with essential nutrients, vitamins, and amino acids, and delivery of tailored enzymes to achieve unique food processing capabilities. Regulatory agencies, including those in the European Union, United States, and Canada review the safety of GEMs when evaluating food substances produced using GEMs to ensure that both the microorganism and the resulting food substance are safe. Proteasome inhibitor review This paper provides a summary of historical and current use of GEMs in food manufacture, an overview of frameworks that regulate their use, and a description of the safety assessment of both GEMs and food substances produced with GEMs. The paper encourages regulatory agencies around the globe to take a more aligned approach to the safety evaluation and regulatory oversight of GEM-produced food ingredients and enzymes, a category of food substances that enables more sustainable consumer food choices.