6%. Among patients with persistent AF, survival free from recurrence at 1 year ranged from 24.9% to 60.0% (>6 min and 7 consecutive days > 23 h thresholds, respectively) with an overall median percentage of time in AF reduction of 99.3%. A single 7-day monitoring strategy had a sensitivity of less than 50% for detecting AF greater than 6 min in patients with paroxysmal and persistent AF. In this real-world data set of AF patients with CIEDs undergoing catheter ablation, treatment success varied substantially with different definitions of minimally required AF duration and is significantly impacted by the method of recurrence detection.In this real-world data set of AF patients with CIEDs undergoing catheter ablation, treatment success varied substantially with different definitions of minimally required AF duration and is significantly impacted by the method of recurrence detection.While the bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) is a well-known therapeutic growth factor reverting many fibrotic diseases, including peritoneal fibrosis by peritoneal dialysis (PD), soluble growth factors are largely limited in clinical applications owing to their short half-life in clinical settings. Recently, we developed a novel drug delivery model using protein transduction domains (PTD) overcoming limitation of soluble recombinant proteins, including bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7). This study aims at evaluating the therapeutic effects of PTD-BMP-7 consisted of PTD and full-length BMP-7 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related fibrosis. Human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) were then treated with TGF-β1 or TGF-β1 + PTD-BMP-7. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheters were inserted into Sprague-Dawley rats, and these rats were infused intra-peritoneally with saline, peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF) or PDF + PTD-BMP-7. In vitro, TGF-β1 treatment significantly increased fibronectin, type I collagen, α-SMA and Snail expression, while reducing E-cadherin expression in HPMCs (P less then .001). PTD-BMP-7 treatment ameliorated TGF-β1-induced fibronectin, type I collagen, α-SMA and Snail expression, and restored E-cadherin expression in HPMCs (P less then .001). In vivo, the expressions of EMT-related molecules and the thickness of the sub-mesothelial layer were significantly increased in the peritoneum of rats treated with PDF, and these changes were significantly abrogated by the intra-peritoneal administration of PTD-BMP-7. PTD-BMP-7 treatment significantly inhibited the progression of established PD fibrosis. These findings suggest that PTD-BMP-7, as a prodrug of BMP-7, can be an effective therapeutic agent for peritoneal fibrosis in PD patients.As the first identified N6 -methyladenosine (m6 A) demethylase, fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) protein is associated with fatty acid synthase (FASN) and lipid accumulation. However, little is known about the regulatory role of FTO in the expression of FASN and de novo lipogenesis through m6 A modification. In this study, we used FTO small interfering RNA to explore the effects of FTO knockdown on hepatic lipogenesis and its underlying epigenetic mechanism in HepG2 cells. We found that knockdown of FTO increased m6 A levels in total RNA and enhanced the expression of YTH domain family member 2 which serves as the m6 A-binding protein. The de novo lipogenic enzymes and intracellular lipid content were significantly decreased under FTO knockdown. Mechanistically, knockdown of FTO dramatically enhanced m6 A levels in FASN messenger RNA (mRNA), leading to the reduced expression of FASN mRNA through m6 A-mediated mRNA decay. The protein expressions of FASN along with acetyl CoA carboxylase and ATP-citrate lyase were further decreased, which inhibited de novo lipogenesis, thereby resulting in the deficiency of lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells and the induction of cellular apoptosis. The results reveal that FTO regulates hepatic lipogenesis via FTO-dependent m6 A demethylation in FASN mRNA and indicate the critical role of FTO-mediated lipid metabolism in the survival of HepG2 cells. This study provides novel insights into a unique RNA epigenetic mechanism by which FTO mediates hepatic lipid accumulation through m6 A modification and indicates that FTO could be a potential target for obesity-related diseases and cancer. Either cryoenergy or radiofrequency can be used during atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) ablation. There are still limited data comparing their respective long-term efficacy (>1 year). This study sought to compare the very long-term outcomes of AVNRT ablation using radiofrequency or cryotherapy. We retrospectively included all patients who had undergone a first AVNRT ablation in our institution between January 2010 and December 2017. The primary endpoint was recurrence of documented AVNRT. The study population consisted of 409 patients (274 females; mean age, 49.9 years). Ablation was performed using cryoenergy in 260 patients and radiofrequency in 149. High acute procedural success rate (>98%) was obtained and no permanent AV block was observed using both techniques. During a mean follow-up of 3.3 ± 2.3 years, documented AVNRT recurrence occurred in 24 (9.2%) and 4 patients (2.7%) in the cryoablation (CA) and radiofrequency (RF) group, respectively. The risk of AVNRT recurrence was significantly higher in the CA group as compared with the RF group (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-5.9). PIK-90 molecular weight Most of the recurrences after CA occurred between 1- and 6-year follow-up (14/24; 58.3%), with one-third of late recurrences after 3-year follow-up. In multivariable analysis, only Koch's triangle anatomical variant was associated with AVNRT recurrence after CA (HR = 6.7; 95% CI, 2.7-16.3). While AVNRT recurrence rates were similar at 1 year of follow-up regardless of the energy used, long-term efficacy appeared higher after radiofrequency ablation. Strikingly, recurrences occured much later after cryotherapy compared with radiofrequency ablation.While AVNRT recurrence rates were similar at 1 year of follow-up regardless of the energy used, long-term efficacy appeared higher after radiofrequency ablation. Strikingly, recurrences occured much later after cryotherapy compared with radiofrequency ablation.