This study provides a better understanding of the effect of silver ion on the release of copper ion from chalcopyrite to the environment. In the future, the influence of silver ion on chalcopyrite biodissolution should be considered in the evaluation of copper ion pollution to ensure reliability. A new adsorbent (AEPA250) was prepared using the enzymatic hydrolyzed residue of rice straw in an air environment at 250 ℃ by a thermal processing method. Compared to the commercial adsorbent, AEPA250 possessed a larger specific surface area of 277.680 m2 g-1, and the maximum adsorption efficiency of ferulic acid from alkali-pretreated hydrolysate of rice straw achieved 70.33 % at the optimum conditions. Adsorption kinetics and isotherm studies showed that the pseudo second-order (PSO) (0.997 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.999) and Liu models (0.931 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.997) exhibited better fitting results, which indicated that chemical and saturable adsorption existed between ferulic acid and AEPA250. An adsorption thermodynamics study revealed the spontaneous and endothermic adsorption process (ΔHo > 0 and ΔSo less then 0). Micropore diffusion was defined as the major adsorption rate-limiting step according to the analysis of Webber-Morris and Bangham's model. Additionally, π-π*, ion exchange, hydrogen bonding and precipitation were recognized as the four main mechanisms of ferulic acid removal by AEPA250 through SEM/EDX, EDX mapping, XPS, FTIR and XRD analysis. These results indicated that AEPA250 was effective for adsorbing inhibitors in pretreated rice straw hydrolysates, and it has high potential for application in establishing the self-sufficient production process of bioethanol. Commercial TiO2 supported 0.20 wt% Pt catalyst is obtained via the molten salt method, and both Pt nanoparticles and single atom Pt sites are observed. It exhibits high catalytic performance for toluene oxidation, with T50 and T90 being 173 and 183 °C, respectively. Reaction intermediates including benzene, p-xylene, o-xylene, benzaldehyde, phthalic acid, maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, acetone, and acetic acid, are detected during toluene oxidation. On this basis, likely toluene combustion reaction pathway is provided. Benzaldehyde is the most stable surface intermediate, and its oxidation can be rate-limiting for the entire toluene oxidation reaction. 2-10.0 vol% H2O slightly inhibits the reaction by competing surface sites with the reactant, while it does not poison the catalyst. Sodium ascorbate 2.5-10.0 vol% CO2 slightly poisons the catalyst by surface carbonate formation, whereas 50 ppm SO2 severely poisons the catalyst by sulfite/sulfate formation. Petal-like ZnS-SnS2 heterojunctions with Z-scheme band alignment were prepared by one-pot solvothermal strategy. The optimal (11) ZnS-SnS2 can degrade 93.46 % of tetracycline and remove 73.9 % COD of pharmaceutical wastewater under visible-light irradiation due to the efficient production of H, O2-, h+ and OH. The toxicity evaluation by ECOSAR prediction and the growth of E. coli indicates efficient toxicity reduction of tetracycline by photocatalysis and the non-toxicity of ZnS-SnS2. The attacked sites on tetracycline by reactive species were analyzed according to Fukui index, and two degradation pathways of tetracycline were inferred via the identification of intermediate products. Tetracycline degradation efficiency and the energy consumption in different water bodies were compared, and it was found that the electrical energy per order (EE/O) was the lowest in Ganjiang River. The valence band offset (ΔEVBO) and conduction band offset (ΔECBO) of ZnS-SnS2 were 1.02 eV and 0.22 eV, respectively. The probable photocatalytic mechanism of ZnS/SnS2 heterojunctions with Z-scheme band alignment based on ΔEVBO and ΔECBO was first presented. Rhinovirus (RV) role in pathogenesis of severe childhood disease remains controversial. We aimed to explore the association between RV molecular subtyping, nasopharyngeal viral loads and viremia with childhood pneumonia. Nasopharyngeal and blood samples from cases and controls were tested for RV and the 5' non-coding region sequenced. The cases compared to controls had a similar prevalence of RV detection in the nasopharynx (23 % vs. 22 %, P = 0.66), similar RV species distribution (A, B, C = 44 %, 8%, 44 % vs. 48 %, 7%, 38 %; respectively; P = 0.66) and similar viral load (4.0 and 3.7 log10 copies/mL, P = 0.062). However, RV-viremia was 4.01-fold (aOR 95 % CI 1.26-12.78) more prevalent among cases (7%) than controls (2%), P = 0.019. Furthermore, among cases and controls RV-C was more commonly associated with viremia (14 % and 4%, P = 0.023), than RV-A (2% and 1%; P = 0.529). Thus RV-viremia could be used as a measure for attributing causality to RV in children hospitalized for pneumonia. Muscular activity in terms of surface electromyography (sEMG) is usually normalised to maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs). This study aims to compare two different MVIC-modes in handcycling and examine the effect of moving average window-size. Twelve able-bodied male competitive triathletes performed ten MVICs against manual resistance and four sport-specific trials against fixed cranks. sEMG of ten muscles [M. trapezius (TD); M. pectoralis major (PM); M. deltoideus, Pars clavicularis (DA); M. deltoideus, Pars spinalis (DP); M. biceps brachii (BB); M. triceps brachii (TB); forearm flexors (FC); forearm extensors (EC); M. latissimus dorsi (LD) and M. rectus abdominis (RA)] was recorded and filtered using moving average window-sizes of 150, 200, 250 and 300 ms. Sport-specific MVICs were higher compared to manual resistance for TB, DA, DP and LD, whereas FC, TD, BB and RA demonstrated lower values. PM and EC demonstrated no significant difference between MVIC-modes. Moving average window-size had no effect on MVIC outcomes. MVIC-mode should be taken into account when normalised sEMG data are illustrated in handcycling. Sport-specific MVICs seem to be suitable for some muscles (TB, DA, DP and LD), but should be augmented by MVICs against manual/mechanical resistance for FC, TD, BB and RA.