The 2020 Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Clinical Practice Guideline on the Evaluation and Management of Candidates for Kidney Transplantation is intended to assist health care professionals worldwide who evaluate and manage potential candidates for deceased or living donor kidney transplantation. This guideline addresses general candidacy issues such as access to transplantation, patient demographic and health status factors, immunological and psychosocial assessment. The roles of various risk factors and comorbid conditions governing an individual's suitability for transplantation such as adherence, tobacco use, diabetes, obesity, perioperative issues, causes of kidney failure, infections, malignancy, pulmonary disease, cardiac and peripheral arterial disease, neurologic disease, gastrointestinal and liver disease, hematologic disease, and bone and mineral disorder are also addressed. This guideline provides recommendations for evaluation of individual aspects of a candidate's profile such that each risk factor and comorbidity are considered separately. The goal is to assist the clinical team to assimilate all data relevant to an individual, consider this within their local health context, and make an overall judgment on candidacy for transplantation. The guideline development process followed the Grades of Recommendation Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Guideline recommendations are primarily based on systematic reviews of relevant studies and our assessment of the quality of that evidence. The strengths of recommendations are provided in the full report. Limitations of the evidence are discussed with differences from previous guidelines noted and suggestions for future research are also provided.STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort. OBJECTIVE To describe our technique for and evaluate the time demand, radiation exposure and outcomes of skin-anchored intraoperative three-dimensional navigation (ION) in minimally invasive (MIS) lumbar surgery, and to compare these parameters to 2D fluoroscopy for MI-TLIF. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Limited visualization of anatomic landmarks and narrow access corridor in MIS procedures result in greater reliance on image guidance. Although two-dimensional fluoroscopy has historically been used, ION is gaining traction. METHODS Patients who underwent MIS lumbar microdiscectomy, laminectomy, or MI-TLIF using skin-anchored ION and MI-TLIF by the same surgeon using 2D fluoroscopy were selected. Operative variables, radiation exposure, and short-term outcomes of all procedures were summarized. Time-demand and radiation exposure of fluoroscopy and ION for MI-TLIF were compared. RESULTS Of the 326 patients included, 232 were in the ION cohort (92 microdiscectomies, 65 laminectomafe and accurate, and results in low radiation exposure. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.STUDY DESIGN A retrospective study. OBJECTIVE To assess the long-term results of zero-profile spacer for 3-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Although widely used, there are still controversies about the long-term results of zero-profile spacer, especially in multilevel cases. METHODS Cases received 3-level ACDF for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) using either zero-profile spacer (n = 27) (ZP Group), or plate and cages (n = 34) (PC Group), and with 5-year follow-up were reviewed. Neurological function and life quality were assessed by modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) score, Neck Disability Index (NDI), and Short-Form 36 (SF-36) score. Disc height, cervical lordosis, fusion rate, and surgical complications were observed. RESULTS Neurological recovery and life quality improvement were similar in both groups. Disc height and cervical lordosis (C2-7 Cobb angle) were well restored after operations, but lost in both groups during follow-up. Oltipraz cell line Loss of correction (LOC) in disc height was larger in ZP Group (11.38% vs 5.71%, P  less then  0.05) at 5-year follow-up. LOC of cervical lordosis in ZP group constantly grew from 11.28% to 48.13% during 5-year follow-up, significantly higher than that in the PC group (from 7.43% to 14.01%) (P  less then  0.05). The rate of postoperative dysphagia was no statistical difference between the two groups, and symptoms were all disappeared within 1 year. There were 10 levels of adjacent segment degeneration (1 in ZP Group, and 10 in PC Group, P = 0.02). Cage subsidence (11 of 81 levels, 13.58%) and screw migration (2 of 81 levels, 2.47%) were only observed in the ZP Group. The migrated screws in one case were surgically removed. Fusion was achieved in all cases. CONCLUSIONS In long-term follow-up of 3-level ACDF for CSM, zero-profile spacer has the similar clinical results, but loss of correction of disc height and cervical alignment were significantly higher, compared with anterior plate and cages. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.PRéCIS Publications in glaucoma have seen an increase in the number of authors and disclosures per article, authors with dual degrees, and international authors, but contributions of women to articles published remains low. PURPOSE Authorship trends have been studied across many medical specialties and in ophthalmology as a whole, but not specifically in glaucoma. We explored the authorship trends of original scientific articles in the Journal of Glaucoma. METHODS We recorded the number of authors and disclosures per article, degree type of first and last authors, geographical origin of corresponding author, and gender of first and last authors of original content from the Journal of Glaucoma published in 1992, 1997, 2002, 2007, 2012, and 2017. RESULTS A total of 642 articles were analyzed. From 1992 to 2017, annual published articles increased from 38 to 242 (P=0.02), the mean number of authors per article increased from 3.2 to 5.2 (P0.28). CONCLUSIONS Consistent with authorship trends across various other medical specialties, glaucoma has seen an increase in the number of authors and disclosures per article, authors with dual degrees, and authors from the "Far East" and "Other" regions. However, contributions of women to articles published in Journal of Glaucoma remains low.