Individuals of higher income, Hispanic ethnicity, and younger age were most likely to participate in CCTs. Enrollment did not vary significantly by educational attainment. Our multivariable analysis indicated people of color are more likely to participate in CCT, perhaps demonstrating that structural barriers shape participation more than race alone. Efforts to improve CCT enrollment may benefit from a shift in focus towards access to care by alleviating structural and financial barriers to enrollment.Our multivariable analysis indicated people of color are more likely to participate in CCT, perhaps demonstrating that structural barriers shape participation more than race alone. Efforts to improve CCT enrollment may benefit from a shift in focus towards access to care by alleviating structural and financial barriers to enrollment. Schema therapy (ST) is an efficacious psychotherapy for personality disorders (PDs) in adults. The first empirical support for the effectiveness of ST in older adults with cluster C PDs was provided recently. ST partly focusses on the positive, but there is an increasing awareness of imbalance in the ST community because of the emphasis on negative schemas versus attention to positive schemas. EGFR-IN-7 concentration Positive schemas may be important vehicles of therapeutic change in psychotherapy with older people, as it may help strengthen the healthy adult mode, and it might also help change a negative life review. Suggestions were made to increase the efficacy and feasibility of ST in older adults, including adjusting the case conceptualisation, modifying the experiential techniques, making use of the patient's wisdom and reactivating positive schemas. The aim of the current study is to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of adapted individual ST for older adults. A multiple baseline design is used with positive anional Trial Register NL8346, registered 1 February 2020.The Netherlands National Trial Register NL8346, registered 1 February 2020. Many studies have found evidence that research subjects engage in deceptive practices while participating in health-related studies. Little is known, however, about how often subjects use deception and the percentage of studies a typical subject will contaminate with false data. This study examined the frequency of use of different types of deception among a sample of subjects who admit to using deception. A sample of 59 subjects who had participated in at least two health-related studies in the past 12 months and admitted to using deception in at least one were interviewed. Subjects were asked a series of questions about and to gain entry into studies. Subjects were also asked about in a health-related study. All study data reported pertains to only subjects who reported using deception in health-related studies and is based on subjects' study participation only within the last 12 months from the date of the interview. Subjects who conceal information in order to enroll in trials reported usin objective measure of medication compliance may be valuable tools for limiting fraudulent reports of compliance.Deceptive subject's behavior poses a threat to the integrity of research findings. Given that deceptive subjects contaminate a high percentage of studies they take part in by concealing information, fabricating information, and falsifying study data after enrollment, efforts to identify and exclude these subjects is important to the integrity of research findings. Strategies to exclude deceptive subjects from health research should be used to inform study designs. Widespread adoption of research subject identity registries could greatly reduce the scope of studies that a single deceptive subject could contaminate. Technological solutions that provide an objective measure of medication compliance may be valuable tools for limiting fraudulent reports of compliance. Forced vital capacity (FVC) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) are used to assess and monitor the management of lung pathology. Our study documented spirometry reference values for apparently healthy Nigerians and developed predictive equations for pulmonary function. A cross-sectional survey involving healthy adult Nigerians included anthropometric measurements of weight, height, waist, hip circumference (HC), sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) and percentage body fat. Anthropometric indices (body mass index [BMI] and waist-to-hip ratio [WHR]) were estimated and pulmonary function tests (FVC, forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1], PEFR, FEV1/FVC ratio) measured. The association amongst selected anthropometric and socio-demographic variables and pulmonary function test parameters were established using -tests and Pearson's product moment correlation tests. The predictors of pulmonary function were established using stepwise multiple linear regression models. Four hundred and forty-four adults (156fat-free mass; apparently healthy.anthropometric; lung function; spirometry; fat-free mass; apparently healthy. Ankle fractures are a common injury because of an increase in levels of physical activity, as well as senescence worldwide. Ankle fractures often require surgical management for optimal stabilisation. Pre-operative physiotherapy is necessary to prepare patients for early mobilisation and home discharge. There is a lack of information on the influence of pre-operative physiotherapy on post-operative rehabilitation success, as well as timeous discharge, in patients with ankle fractures. To explore the perceptions of patients receiving pre-operative physiotherapy care following a unilateral ankle fracture and the perceptions of nursing staff managing these patients at a tertiary hospital in South Africa. A descriptive qualitative design, using semi-structured interviews, including both patients with unilateral ankle fractures and nurses caring for these patients, was adopted. Interviews were recorded and verbatim transcriptions were analysed utilising thematic analysis. Four overarching themes emerged thy need to explore the effects of pre-operative physiotherapy on post-operative success and return to pre-injury activity.