High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) requires longer immobilization time than conventional radiography, which challenges patient acceptance and image quality. Therefore, the aim was to investigate the acceptance of HR-pQCT in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and secondly the effect of an inflatable hand immobilization device on motion artefacts of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints. Fifty patients with established RA and a median (interquartile range) age of 64.3 (55.0-71.2) years had their MCP joints scanned by HR-pQCT with the hand positioned with and without an inflatable immobilization device followed by a full radiographic examination and a questionnaire on the imaging experience. The comparability of the erosion measures was investigated with and without the immobilization device using Bland-Altman plot and intrareader repeatability by intraclass correlation coefficient. The motion artefacts were graded for each acquisition, and intrareader repeatability was investigated by Cohen's kappa coefficient. Forty percent of the patients preferred HR-pQCT imaging, only 6% preferred conventional X-ray. Seventy-four percent reported it was not difficult to keep their fingers steady during the scan. Sixty percent of the patients reported the immobilization device helped keep their fingers steady. However, as motion artefacts were sparse, no clinically relevant difference was observed concerning the effect of the immobilization device on readability. The intrareader repeatability and comparability for the erosion measures were excellent. The high patient acceptance adds to the feasibility of HR-pQCT imaging of MCP joints in RA. The inflatable immobilization device did not reduce motion-induced image degradation.The high patient acceptance adds to the feasibility of HR-pQCT imaging of MCP joints in RA. The inflatable immobilization device did not reduce motion-induced image degradation.Four ternary deep eutectic solvents were computationally designed and synthesized, being used as candidate functional monomers in metronidazole molecular imprinting polymer synthesis, allowing selective extraction and determination by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. In terms of metronidazole selective extraction, the best results were obtained by (deep eutectic solvent)2 (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate)11 , in which deep eutectic solvent is the functional monomer constructed by combining three components in 662 ratios of choline chlorideethylene glycolmethacrylic acid. The effects of different parameters on molecular imprinted solid-phase extraction of metronidazole were thoroughly explored through screening design and response surface methodology. The adsorption mechanism findings show that the adsorption data are primarily fitted on the Freundlich model based on higher correlation coefficient. Kinetic experiments have shown that the mechanism of adsorption fits the pseudo-second-order model. The best extraction recovery (96.5%) was obtained in 25-min elution time, desorption temperature of 40°C, and 1.0 mL ACN as eluent. Metronidazole was measured by a validated ultra high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection method. The calibration of the method was linear in the range of 0.1-10 μg/mL with limits of detection and quantification of 0.03 and 0.1 μg/mL, respectively. The method was successfully applied for the determination of metronidazole in human plasma.Post-transcriptional modification of nucleosides is observed in almost all elements of RNA. Modified nucleosides finely tune the structure of RNA molecules and affect vital functions, such as the modified wobble position 34 of transfer RNAs expanding the reading preference of anticodons to codons. Recent investigations have revealed that the modification species and their frequencies in an RNA element are not stable but vary with specific cellular factors including metabolites and particular proteins (writers, readers, and erasers). Ropsacitinib clinical trial To understand the link between dynamic RNA modifications and biological processes, sensitive and reliable methods for determining modified nucleosides are required. In this study, micro-flow (8 μL/min) hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography was coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of adenosine, uridine, cytidine, guanosine, and 20 modified nucleosides. The method was calibrated using 0.1-1000 nM standards (∼0.03-300 ng/mL) and successfully applied to the determination of transfer RNA modifications in the model cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942. A protocol for the isolation of a clean transfer RNA pool was optimized, requiring only 25 ng for the identification and quantification of transfer RNA modifications. This micro-flow liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method constitutes the first step toward monitoring dynamic ribonucleoside modifications in a limited RNA sample.Organ transplantation has become a mainstay of therapy for patients with end-stage organ diseases. However, long-term administration of immunosuppressive agents, a scheme for improving the survival of transplant recipients, has been compromised by severe side effects and posttransplant complications. Therapeutic delivery targeting immune organs has the potential to address these unmet medical issues. Here, through screening of a small panel of mammalian target of rapamycin complex kinase inhibitor (TORKinib) compounds, a TORKinib PP242 is identified to be able to inhibit T cell function. Further chemical derivatization of PP242 using polyunsaturated fatty acids (i.e., docosahexaenoic acid) transforms this water-insoluble hydrophobic agent into a self-assembling nanoparticle (DHA-PP242 nanoparticle [DPNP]). Surface PEGylation of DPNP with amphiphilic copolymers renders the nanoparticles aqueously soluble for preclinical studies. Systemically administered DPNP shows tropism for macrophages within peripheral immune organs. Furthermore, DPNP regulates differentiation of adoptively transferred T cells in a macrophage-dependent manner in Rag1-/- mouse model. In an experimental model of heart transplantation, DPNP significantly extends the survival of grafts through inducing immune suppression, thus reducing the inflammatory response of the recipients. These findings suggest that targeted delivery of TORKinibs exploiting prodrug-assembled nanoparticle scaffolds may provide a therapeutic option against organ rejection.