The current livestock farm production model is being questioned due to its excessive use of resources and impacts on the environment, and it has played a major role in climate change due to the excessive level of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A valid tool in the reduction of such emissions is the imposition of a tax on CO2 emissions that can act as an economic and financial instrument. Additionally, livestock production based on grazing animals is proposed as a more sustainable model that involves improved environmental practices and provides society with various ecosystem services, including carbon sequestration. The main purpose of this paper is to estimate the maximum price per tonne of CO2 equivalent (eq) that could be borne by the various models of organic livestock farms in the dehesas and rangelands of southwestern Spain. With this purpose in mind, we have made a scenario-based estimation of the environmental-economic balance in three different scenarios considering farm emissions and CO2 sequestration levels. The results show that the maximum price that farms can bear is within a range of € 0.20 to € 792/tn of CO2 eq depending on the scenario analysed and the production model. In the cases in which carbon sequestration balances GHG emissions, the implementation of carbon pricing implies additional economic income for farm accounts.The harm done to the environment by coal gangue was very serious, and it is urgent to adopt effective methods to dispose of coal gangue in order to prevent further environmental damage. Co-pyrolysis experiments of coal gangue (CG) and peanut shell (PS) were carried out using thermogravimetry-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR) under nitrogen atmosphere. selleck chemicals The heavy metal was detected using the inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). CG and PS were mixed according to the mass ratio of 10, 31, 11, 13 and 01. The samples were heated to 1000 °C at the heating rate of 10 °C/min, 20 °C/min and 30 °C/min. The comprehensive pyrolysis index (CPI) of CG, C3P1, C1P1, C1P3 and PS is 0.17 × 10-8, 9.75 × 10-8, 35.47 × 10-8, 100.94 × 10-8 and 192.72 × 10-8%2 ·min-2·°C-3. The kinetic parameters were calculated by model-free methods (Flynn-Wall-Ozawa and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose). The gas products generated at different temperatures during the pyrolysis experiment were detected by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The heating rate, temperature and mixing ratio are the input parameters of artificial neural network (ANN), and the remaining mass percentage of sample during the pyrolysis is the output parameter. The ANN model was established and used to predict thermogravimetric experimental data. The ANN18 model is the best model for predicting the co-pyrolysis of CG and PS.The role of fiscal decentralization is important not only for the promotion of cleaner energy sources but also for a sustainable environment and the achievement of the Paris Climate Agreement (COP21) in 2015 in general. Therefore, this study attempts to incorporate fiscal decentralization as a new determinant of renewable and non-renewable energy consumption along with political risk index, eco-innovation, and renewable energy research and development (R&D) for seven (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) OECD countries from 1990 to 2018. For empirical analysis, the test proposed in Banerjee and Carrion-I-Silvestre (2017) is employed for cointegration, while cross-section augmented autoregressive-distributed lag (CS-ARDL) is used for the short-run and long-run analysis, and to check robustness, a common correlated effect mean group (CCEMG) test is applied. The results confirm that fiscal decentralization and eco-innovation promote renewable energy consumption and lower non-renewable energy use. Moreover, the improvement of the political risk index and the rise of R&D in renewable energy increase renewable and decrease non-renewable energy consumption. For policy implications, this study recommends that transferring the power to the local governments will further improve energy efficiency and switch these countries' energy mix towards more sustainable sources of energy. This shall also help to reduce the use of non-renewable energy consumption, i.e., fossil fuels in the total energy mix.The vertical structure of dust layers is rarely investigated, despite its critical role in exploring the radiative and microphysical effects of dust aerosols. In this study, we primarily investigate the temporal variability of most probable dust height (MPDH) over dust source regions in East Asia and its interactions with climate parameters using CALIPSO lidar measurements under cloud-free conditions in spring from 2007 to 2018. The vertical profile of dust aerosols exhibits significant interannual variability over this time; dust is mainly concentrated below 7 km and associated with a dust occurrence frequency (DOF) of 0.6, and the DOF is much higher than that over the Sahara and West Asia. We also found that high Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) significantly contributes to the transport of dust aerosols to downstream areas by changing the circulation field near the equator and in the mid-low latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, which results in low MPDH over northern China. MPDH is significantly negatively correlated with 500-hPa westerly wind and precipitation, and is positively correlated with surface air temperature (SAT) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Furthermore, MPDH is positively correlated with the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), but negatively correlated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The correlation coefficient between AMO and MPDH is 0.71 after detrending, which indicates that the AMO also plays an important role in the interannual variability of MPDH over East Asia. Furthermore, the Indian Ocean SST is the main influencing factor of the interannual variability of MPDH over northern China, but zonal wind is probably only the intermediate mechanism.The objective of this study was to investigate the photocatalytic removal of PPCPs using poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) polymer. PEDOT is a conducting polymer that exhibits excellent photocatalytic activity and was used in this study without any additives or metal co-catalysts. The PEDOT was synthesized using chemical oxidative polymerization and characterized further for composition and morphology. PEDOT, in the presence of UV irradiation, showed >99% degradation of one of the most widely prescribed antidiabetic drugs, metformin, within 60 min. The effect of varying concentration of PEDOT, pH, and light irradiance was studied to achieve maximum photocatalytic efficiency. Two major degradation products of metformin of m/z 116 and 126 were detected using triple quadrupole LC-MS/MS, while the degradation kinetics was found to be of pseudo-first-order. Results revealed that photogenerated electrons, holes, and radical species played a role in the PPCPs' degradation. When a mixture of seven PPCPs in the ultra-pure water matrix was tested, more than 99% removal was observed for most of the PPCPs within 60 min.