The persistence of Helicobacter pylori in the human gastric mucosa implies that the immune response fails to clear the infection. We found that H. pylori compromises the antigen presentation ability of macrophages, because of the decline of the presenting molecules HLA-II. Here, we reveal that the main bacterial factor responsible for this effect is ADP-heptose, an intermediate metabolite in the biosynthetic pathway of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that elicits a pro-inflammatory response in gastric epithelial cells. In macrophages, it upregulates the expression of miR146b which, in turn, would downmodulate CIITA, the master regulator for HLA-II genes. Hence, H. ODN1826sodium pylori, utilizing ADP-heptose, exploits a specific arm of macrophage response to establish its survival niche in the face of the immune defense elicited in the gastric mucosa. Honey is a naturally sweet syrup made by honeybees from floral nectar. However, high-fructose corn syrup has been prevalently used for the adulteration of honey. A novel molecular method was developed for the characterization of corn syrup-adulterated honey by specific amplification and quantification of maize residual DNA in honey. An ultra-rapid real-time polymerase chain reaction (UR-qPCR) system for rapid amplification and protocol for direct purification of residual DNA from honey were described. Rapidity of maize DNA amplification was acquired within 20 min for a limit of detection of around three copies of targeted DNAs. The amplification of maize residual DNA in honeys adulterated with corn syrup from 5% to 80% (v/v) showed that a minimum rate of 10% adulteration can be identified, and Maize genomic DNA in 5 mL of adulterated honeys was from 13 ± 9 copies to 2478 ± 827 copies, respectively. However, the residual DNA of maize was also detected in natural honey produced in the region where pollen and nectar of maize were collected, and the quantity of maize genomic DNA in these natural honeys was in the range of 10% adulteration with corn syrup. Therefore, detection of both pollen and residual DNA of maize in honey is important in identifying the source of maize residual DNA present in honey. A rapid PCR assay was first developed for the accurate detection and quantification of maize residual DNA in honey. It is a useful tool for specific identification of the corn syrup used for honey adulteration. Further studies on residual DNA in various types of corn syrup and specificity of primer are recommended. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.A rapid PCR assay was first developed for the accurate detection and quantification of maize residual DNA in honey. It is a useful tool for specific identification of the corn syrup used for honey adulteration. Further studies on residual DNA in various types of corn syrup and specificity of primer are recommended. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry. The pressure on equine veterinarians to provide services that meet with a client's demands, that is, realizing client satisfaction, is considerable. The aim of this paper is to analyze existing literature, with a view to distill the most relevant components for client satisfaction in equine veterinary practice. A structured literature search was conducted. Included papers were systematically organised and analysed using an inductive approach. Seven components relevant to client satisfaction in equine veterinary practice were identified quality of care, quality of service, horsemanship of the veterinarian, costs of service, interpersonal skills, professional attitude and transfer of knowledge. The limited amount and variable quality of available records regarding client satisfaction in equine veterinary practice are the main limitations of this study. The seven categories identified are likely to play a fundamental role in achieving client satisfaction in equine veterinary practice. Additional research is required to validate these categories and relate them to different types of clients as well as map their needs and expectations, so that they can be used to assist equine veterinary professionals in tailoring customer experience to the individual client.The seven categories identified are likely to play a fundamental role in achieving client satisfaction in equine veterinary practice. Additional research is required to validate these categories and relate them to different types of clients as well as map their needs and expectations, so that they can be used to assist equine veterinary professionals in tailoring customer experience to the individual client. No report of newly enrolled medical students discusses their attitudes toward traditional Japanese medicine (TJM), Kampo medicine, or acupuncture and moxibustion (AM), or their changes over the course of medical school. This study evaluates these changing attitudes. At Tokai University School of Medicine, from 2006 through 2015, 852 students were analyzed 3 times, pre-1st-year introduction Kampo lecture, pre-4th-year 6-hour lectures, and post-3-hour experience-based learning (EBL) course. The 7-item questionnaire included general impression about Kampo medicine, interest, learning motivation, future involvement, and image, interest in AM, and learning motivation. Their attitudes toward TJM became positive during the 3 years even without TJM education. The 4th-year TJM lectures and EBL course significantly changed their attitudes toward more positive. Females' attitudes were more positive regarding TJM from the 1st year than were the males which became more positive after the EBL course. Students with TJM learning or work experience had positive attitudes from their 1st year and throughout medical school. Students with less positive attitudes became more active in TJM and positive at graduation. Appropriate TJM education and standard medical education in preclinical years of medical school has helped make students' attitudes toward Kampo medicine and AM more positive.Appropriate TJM education and standard medical education in preclinical years of medical school has helped make students' attitudes toward Kampo medicine and AM more positive.