7 ± 1.3), and RCRI (1.2 ± 0.6) and had overall a low risk of postoperative ICU admission. Few patients had liver cirrhosis (12.5%) or received preoperative systemic therapy (16.6%). 36 (50%) high-risk surgical procedures were performed, including major hepatectomies, pancreaticoduodenectomies, total gastrectomies, multivisceral resections, and transplantations. Despite this, only 15 patients (20.8%) were admitted to the ICU. Only oncologic cases and transplantations were performed during the COVID-19 outbreak. Careful selection of patients allowed to perform major cancer surgeries and transplantations without further stressing hospital resources, meanwhile minimizing collateral damage to patients.Fidelity scales are indispensable in the pursuit of evidence-based mental healthcare. Without fidelity checks, treatment remains a mysterious black box. The aim of this article is to comment on the studies in this special section, and to discuss some general issues with regard to fidelity assessment. Despite all of their supposed benefits, resistance to fidelity scales persists among mental health practitioners. One way to overcome this resistance is to conduct fidelity assessments in the context of a well-guided learning community. The predictive validity of fidelity scales is considered the single most valuable attribute of these instruments. Research on predictive validity requires large sample sizes, which is difficult to achieve. It should nevertheless not prevent us from rigorously searching for this Holy Grail of fidelity assessment. In addition, fidelity assessment should be placed in a broader perspective. The quality of care for people with severe mental illness cannot be assessed conclusively according to the extent to which separate interventions have been applied with good fidelity. These individuals need access to high-quality treatment and support systems within the community, which can enable them to live their lives as valued citizens. In conclusion, fidelity assessment, both at the level of interventions and systems, contributes to a highly desirable transparency in practice variations within the field of mental healthcare.Cello-oligosaccharide has drawn an increasing attention as the nutritional ingredients of dietary supplements, whose quality is affected by the concentration of monosaccharide. In the present study, an effective process was developed for the simultaneous production of cello-oligosaccharide and glucose mono-decanoate from lignocellulose by enzymatic esterification. During the process, the excessive glucose in cello-oligosaccharide was converted into glucose mono-decanoate, which is a well-known biodegradable nonionic surfactant. selleck The filter paper was initially used as the model to investigate the feasibility of the process, in which the purity of resultant cello-oligosaccharide was increased from 33.3% to 74.3%, simultaneously producing glucose mono-decanoate with a purity of 92.3%. Further verification of 3 kinds of lignocelluloses (switchgrass, cornstalk, and reed) also indicated a good performance of the process. The present process provided an effective strategy to increase the purity of resultant cello-oligosaccharide with the simultaneous production of high value-added products of sugar monoester. Graphical Abstract Simultaneous production of cello-oligosaccharide and glucose mono-decanoate from lignocellulose.Talaromyces cellulolyticus is a promising fungus for providing a cellulase preparation suitable for the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material, although its mannan-degrading activities are insufficient. In the present study, three core mannanolytic enzymes, including glycosyl hydrolase family 5-7 (GH5-7) β-mannanase (Man5A), GH27 α-galactosidase, and GH2 β-mannosidase, were purified from a culture supernatant of T. cellulolyticus grown with glucomannan, and the corresponding genes were identified based on their genomic sequences. Transcriptional analysis revealed that these genes were specifically induced by glucomannan. Two types of Man5A products, Man5A1 and Man5A2, were found as major proteins in the mannanolytic system. Man5A1 was devoid of a family 1 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM1) at the N-terminus, whereas Man5A2 was devoid of both CBM1 and Ser/Thr-rich linker region. The physicochemical and catalytic properties of both Man5A1 and Man5A2 were identical to those of recombinant Man5A (rMan5A) possessing CBM1, except for the cellulose-binding ability. Man5A CBM1 had little effect on mannan hydrolysis of pretreated Hinoki cypress. The results suggest that an improvement in Man5A CBM1 along with the augmentation of identified mannanolytic enzyme components would aid in efficient hydrolysis of softwood using T. cellulolyticus cellulase preparation.Like other branched-chain higher alcohols used as biofuels, isoamyl alcohol has attracted considerable attention because of its advantages, which include high energy density, low hygroscopicity, and compatibility with the current infrastructure. Previous attempts to increase the microbial production of isoamyl alcohol have yielded great progress, but the existing methods of detecting isoamyl alcohol based on gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography are laborious and time-consuming. In this study, we developed a simple colorimetric assay to determine high isoamyl alcohol-producing strains. The assay was based on isoamyl alcohol oxidase and peroxidase (IAOP assay) and could be performed in microplate with high throughput and had a specific detection range of 0-20 mM. Characterization analysis revealed that the developed IAOP assay was highly specific for isoamyl alcohol relative to other branched-chain alcohols. Little interference with the assay was observed from the fermentation media, microorganisms, and fermentation byproducts (e.g., lactic acid, acetic acid). We conclude that the enzyme-based IAOP assay can be used for high-throughput monitoring of strains that produce isoamyl alcohol and could be adjusted to screen for strains that produce many other metabolites.Pseudomonas fluorescens has the ability to produce the siderophore pyoverdine, a biotechnologically significant iron chelator, which has a wide range of potential applications, such as in agriculture (iron fertilizers) and medicine (development of antibiotics). The present work aimed to evaluate the influence of culture medium composition on the production of siderophores by P. fluorescens DSM 50090, an industrial relevant strain. It was found that the bacterium grown in minimal medium succinate (MMS) had a higher siderophore production than in King B medium. The replacement of succinate by glycerol or dextrose, in minimal medium, originated lower siderophore production. The increase of succinate concentration, the addition of amino acids or the reduction of phosphate in the culture medium did not improve siderophore production by P. fluorescens. The results obtained strongly suggest that (i) MMS is more appropriate than King B for large-scale production of siderophores; (ii) the modification of the culture medium composition, particularly the type of carbon source, influences the level of siderophore secreted; (iii) the production of siderophore by P.