To examine trends and projections of underweight (Body Mass Index, BMI < 18.5 kg/m ) and overweight (BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m ) in women of reproductive age in 55 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We used data from 2,337,855 women aged 15-49 years from nationally representative Demographic and Health Survey conducted between 1990 and 2018. Bayesian linear regression analyses were performed. During 1990-2018, the prevalence of underweight decreased in 35 countries and overweight increased in 50 countries. The highest underweight increase was in Morocco (5.5%) and overweight in Nepal (12.4%). In 2030, >20% of women in eight LMICs will be underweight, with Madagascar (36.8%), Senegal (32.2%), and Burundi (29.2%) projected to experience the highest burden of underweight. Whereas >50% of women in 22 LMICs are projected to be overweight, with Egypt (94.7%), Jordan (75.0%), and Pakistan (74.1%) projected to have the highest burden of overweight. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/dihexa.html 24 LMICs are projected to experience the double burden of malnutrition (both underweight and overweight >20%) in 2030. Noticeable variations in underweight and overweight were observed across wealth, residence, education, and age of women, with a higher rate of overweight in high-income, high-education, and urban women. These inequalities have widened in many countries and are projected to continue. The probability of eradicating overweight and underweight is nearly 0% for all countries by 2030, except Egypt is on track to eradicate underweight. Although the prevalence of underweight declined, this decline has been superseded by the dramatic increase of overweight. None of the 55 LMICs is likely to eradicate malnutrition in women by 2030.Although the prevalence of underweight declined, this decline has been superseded by the dramatic increase of overweight. None of the 55 LMICs is likely to eradicate malnutrition in women by 2030. Three-dimensional optical (3DO) imaging devices for acquiring anthropometric measurements are proliferating in healthcare facilities, although applicability in young children has not been evaluated; small body size and movement may limit device accuracy. The current study aim was to critically test three commercial 3DO devices in young children. The number of successful scans and circumference measurements at six anatomic sites were quantified with the 3DO devices in 64 children, ages 5-8 years. Of the scans available for processing, 3DO and flexible tape-measure measurements made by a trained anthropometrist were compared. Sixty of 181 scans (33.1%) could not be processed for technical reasons. Of processed scans, mean 3DO-tape circumference differences tended to be small (~1-9%) and varied across systems; correlations and bias estimates also varied in strength across anatomic sites and systems (e.g., regression R s, 0.54-0.97, all p < 0.01). Overall findings differed across devices; best results were for a multi-camera stationary system and less so for two rotating single- or dual-camera systems. Available 3DO devices for quantifying anthropometric dimensions in adults vary in applicability in young children according to instrument design. These findings suggest the need for 3DO devices designed specifically for small and/or young children.Available 3DO devices for quantifying anthropometric dimensions in adults vary in applicability in young children according to instrument design. These findings suggest the need for 3DO devices designed specifically for small and/or young children. Identify clinical, sociodemographic, and nutritional predictors of hospital readmission within 30 days. A longitudinal study was conducted with patients hospitalised at a public institution in Recife, Brazil. Sociodemographic (age, sex, race, and place of residence), clinical (diagnosis, comorbidities, medications, polypharmacy, hospital outcome, hospital stay, and occurrence of readmission within 30 days), and nutritional (% of weight loss, body mass index, arm circumference [AC], and calf circumference [CC]) characteristics were collected from the nutritional assessment files and patient charts. Nutritional risk was determined using the 2002 Nutritional Risk Screening tool and the diagnosis of malnutrition was based on the GLIM criteria. The sample was composed of 252 patients, 58 (23.0%; CI 17.2-28.8%) of whom were readmitted within 30 days after discharge from hospital, 135 (53.5%; CI 46.7-60.5%) were at nutritional risk and 107 (42.4%; CI 35.6-49.3%) were malnourished. In the bivariate analysis, polypharmacy, nutritional risk, malnutrition, low AC, and low CC were associated with readmission. In the multivariate analysis, low CC was considered an independent risk factor, increasing the likelihood of hospital readmission nearly fourfold. In contrast, the absence of polypharmacy was a protective favour, reducing the likelihood of readmission by 81%. The use of six medications or more and low calf circumference are risk factors for hospital readmission within 30 days after discharge.The use of six medications or more and low calf circumference are risk factors for hospital readmission within 30 days after discharge. Intermittent energy restriction (IER) may overcome poor long-term adherence with continuous energy restriction (CER), for weight reduction. We compared the effects of IER with CER for fasting and postprandial metabolism and appetite in metabolically healthy participants, in whom excess weight would not confound intrinsic metabolic differences. In a 2-week randomised, parallel trial, 16 young, healthy-weight participants were assigned to either CER (20% below estimated energy requirements (EER)) or 52 IER (70% below EER on 2 non-consecutive days; 5 days at EER, per week). Metabolic and appetite regulation markers were assessed before and for 3 h after a liquid breakfast; followed by an ad libitum lunch; pre- and post-intervention. Weight loss was similar in both groups -2.5 (95% CI, -3.4, -1.6) kg for 52 IER vs. -2.3 (-2.9, -1.7) kg for CER. There were no differences between groups for postprandial incremental area under the curve for serum insulin, blood glucose or subjective appetite ratings. Compared with CER, 52 IER led to a reduction in fasting blood glucose concentrations (treatment-by-time interaction, P = 0.