This occurred in a simple and efficient pathway.  However, studies also showed that not all monomers chosen successfully proceeded in the NIR photo-ATRP protocol. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Dermatoscopy is a non-invasive imaging modality, with an ever changing clinical application. Distinct dermatoscopic features of non-infective granulomatous dermatosis like sarcoidosis1 and granuloma annulare,2 and infective granulomatous conditions like leishmaniasis3 and leprosy,4 have been described. However, the literature on dermatoscopic features of deep mycosis is limited.5 In this report, we describe the dermatoscopic features of four cases of cutaneous sporotrichosis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS The aim of the study was to develop a test for the assessment of retronasal olfaction in healthy participants and patients with olfactory disorders using "tasteless" powders. STUDY DESIGN Prospective case-control series. METHODS A total of 150 participants (110 women, 40 men, mean age = 40 ± 16 years) were recruited for this study; 100 were healthy controls and 50 were patients with olfactory loss due to infections of the upper respiratory tract (n = 25), idiopathic causes (n = 12), sinonasal disease (n = 7), and head trauma (n = 6). Orthonasal olfactory function was evaluated using the Sniffin' Sticks test battery, and retronasal olfaction was evaluated using powders lacking distinctive tastes administered to the oral cavity. To establish test-retest reliability, healthy participants had their orthonasal and retronasal function tested twice. RESULTS The validity analyses revealed that the selected 16 stimuli differentiated between normosmic participants and patients with olfactory loss, and that retronasal and orthonasal olfaction were highly correlated. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study indicate that patients with olfactory loss and controls can be clearly separated using a reliable test of retronasal olfaction based on 16 retronasal stimuli. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2b Laryngoscope, 2020. © 2020 The American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc.OBJECTIVE To validate a computed tomographic (CT) method to measure the femoral trochlear groove depth (FTGD). STUDY DESIGN Cadaveric study. SAMPLE POPULATION Fifteen dogs, 26 femoral trochleae. METHODS Five points were identified from proximal to distal (proximal point [PP], P25, P50, P75, and distal point [DP]) along the trochlea via three-dimensional volume-rendering function on the sagittal plane and measured on multiplanar reconstruction images. Each rater repeated measurements in duplicate, unaware of the identity of the joint. The FTGD was quantitated on the anatomical specimens and statistically compared with CT measurements. Intrarater and interrater agreements were analyzed by using intraclass coefficients. Accuracy was evaluated by using either adjusted R2 coefficients (R2  > 80% was considered acceptable) or Student's t test. The ratio of the patellar and the trochlear width and the ratio of the patellar craniocaudal thickness inside the trochlear groove were calculated at three different patellar locations. RESULTS Good to excellent intrarater and interrater agreements were observed in four of five trochlear points (P25, P50, P75, and DP), and accuracy was acceptable for these points (R2  > 80%). Computed tomographic measurements differed from the mean anatomical measurements at three of five points (PP, P50, and P75; P  less then  .01), overestimating the FTGD by an overall mean of 0.18 mm (range, 0.02-0.3). P25 and P50 were the deepest points measured. CONCLUSION Computed tomography allowed precise measurements of trochlear groove depth except for the most proximal point. The deepest trochlear points were P25 and P50. P25 was the most precise and accurate point measured, while PP was the least consistent. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The deepest portion of the trochlea groove may be located between P25 and P50. Evaluation of this CT method in dogs with patellar luxation is recommended. © 2020 The American College of Veterinary Surgeons.PURPOSE In vitro fertilization with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF-ICSI) is generally regarded as an indication for fetal echocardiography due to a reported increased risk of congenital abnormalities including cardiac anomalies. In this study we evaluated the utility of fetal echocardiography after anatomic survey in an experienced center. METHODS This was a retrospective case review of in vitro fertilization with intracytoplasmic sperm injection pregnancies who had echocardiography in our institution from January 1996 to October 2010. RESULTS Records from 85 mothers and 110 fetuses were identified. During anatomic survey, six cardiac anomalies were identified, including four ventricular septal defects, one pulmonary-aortic disproportion, and one post-valvular pulmonary artery dilatation. At fetal echocardiography, two of the four ventricular septal defects were confirmed and an additional three were identified. The most common cardiac anomaly seen in our population of IVF-ICSI pregnancies was ventricular septal defect, which was identified in 3.6% of all cases in the neonatal period. Of ventricular septal defects identified in the prenatal period, 71% resolved before birth. CONCLUSION In experienced centers, a fetal echocardiography may not be necessary if the 3 vessels tracheal view of the heart is evaluated and the heart is evaluated carefully for a ventricular septal defect. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.We describe the synthesis and characterization of a highly reactive cationic borole. Halide abstraction with LiAl[OC(CF 3 ) 3 ] 4 from the NHC-chloroborole adduct yields the first stable NHC-supported 1-( Me NHC)-2,5-(SiMe 3 ) 2 -3,4-(Ph*) 2 -borole cation. BAY 2402234 ic50 Electronically, it features both a five membered cyclic conjugated 4 π-electron system and a cationic charge and thus resembles the yet elusive cyclopentadienyl cation. The borole cation was characterized crystallographically, spectroscopically (NMR, UV/vis), by cyclovoltammetry, microanalysis and mass-spectrometry and its electronic structure was probed computationally. The cation reacts with tolane and reversibly adds carbon monoxide. Direct comparison with the structurally related, yet neutral, 1-mesityl borole reveals strong Lewis acidity, reduced HOMO-LUMO-gaps, and increased anti-aromatic character. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.