Acetaminophen (ACT) and phenacetin (PNT) removal during light-emitting diode (LED)-UV photolysis of persulfate (PS) was evaluated with a typical wavelength of 365 nm. Decay of PNT and ACT in pH ranges of 5.5-8.5 followed pseudo-first order kinetics. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/GDC-0449.html Maximum pseudo-first order rate constants (kobs) of ACT and PNT decomposition of 1.8 × 10-1 and 1.2 × 10-1 min-1, respectively, were obtained at pH 8.5. Hydroxyl radicals (·OH), sulfate radicals (SO4·-), superoxide radicals (O2-·), and singlet oxygen (1O2) were determined in-situ electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and alcohol scavenging tests. The average contributions of ·OH and SO4·- were 23.5% and 53.0% for PNT removal, and 15.9% and 53.0% for ACT removal at pH ranges of 5.5-8.5. In samples subjected to chlorination after LED-UV365/PS pre-oxidation, a relatively small total concentration of five halogenated disinfection by-products (DBPs) was obtained of 90.9 μg L-1 (pH 5.5) and 126.7 μg L-1 (pH 7.0), which is 58.5% and 30.2% lower than that in system without LED-UV365/PS pre-oxidation. Meanwhile, a higher maximum value of total DBP concentration was obtained at pH 8.5 (445.6 μg L-1) following LED-UV365/PS pre-oxidation. The results of economy evaluation showed that UV365 was more cost-effective in application for organic contaminant removal compared with UV254.Chelating agent-induced phytoremediation is a viable approach to completely remove heavy metals from soil. However, little attention has been paid to the interaction mechanisms between the concentration of the chelating agent and the application time on the physiological and biochemical properties of soil and plants. In this study, five chelating agents, namely ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), diethylenetriacetic acid (NTA), tetrasodium N, N-diacetate (GLDA), aspartate dibutyric acid ether (AES), and iminodisuccinic acid (IDSA), were used to support phytoremediation with maize and to explore the removal effect of Cd in soil. The results showed that chelating agent concentrations of 9 mmol kg-1 significantly reduced the biomass of maize. Treatment with AES at a dose of 6 mmol kg-1 significantly increased aboveground biomass, reaching a maximum of 0.92 g pot-1 in all treatments. At an AES concentration of 6 mmol kg-1, the highest shoot and root Cd levels of 7.79 and 9.86 mg kg-1, respectively, were observed, which were 3.05 and 1.60 times higher than those of the control. Total Cd extraction followed the order AES (6 mmol kg-1) > GLDA > NTA > EDTA > IDSA (3 mmol kg-1). Chelating agent treatment significantly increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and promoted plant growth. The self-degradation of AES significantly reduced soil pH, increased soil Cd activity, and promoted Cd uptake and transportation in maize.Soil/aquifer-based treatment systems improve wastewater effluent quality by removing trace contaminants in the soil and/or aquifer during groundwater recharge. This paper critically reviews these systems with a focus on removing nitrogen, particularly low levels of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) present in the wastewater effluent. DON in wastewater effluent is a concern because of its contribution to nitrogen concentration in surface or groundwater and its role as a precursor of nitrogenous disinfection by-products, which are harmful to human health. Biodegradation and sorption are the main DON removal mechanisms in the subsurface environment where most of the removal happens in the vadose zone. Different factors such as temperature, redox conditions, retention time, indigenous microbial community, and soil type affect DON removal in soil/aquifer-based treatment systems. Lack of sufficient current knowledge underlines the need for designing lab/field scale systems for further determination of the relative contribution of biodegradation and sorption, optimal hydraulic loading rate, and the relationship between DON characteristics such as functional groups and physiochemical processes and its removal. Future research needs for DON removal in soil/aquifer-based treatment systems are identified.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can form a symbiotic relationship with most terrestrial plant roots, promote plant growth, and heavy metal (HM) tolerance and thus plays a crucial role in phytoremediation. However, research on the relationship between colonization level and HM tolerance is limited. In this study, apple (Malus domestica) Gretchen Hagen3 genes MdGH3-2/12 silencing plants were treated with four AMF and Cd combination treatments to determine AMF colonization levels, biomass, Cd accumulation, photosynthesis, fluorescence, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant substance accumulation, and Cd uptake, transport and detoxification gene expression levels. Results indicate the greater sensitivity of transgenic plants under AMF inoculation and Cd treatment compared with wild type (WT) via lower AMF colonization levels, biomass accumulation, photosynthetic parameters, and the accumulation and clearance homeostasis of ROS, as well as lower detoxification expression levels and higher Cd uptake and transport expression levels. Our study essentially demonstrates that MdGH3-2/12 plays an important role in Cd stress tolerance by regulating AM colonization in apple.Cadmium (Cd) contamination is easily generated during the mining and manufacturing of barium (Ba). In this study, concentrations of both Ba and Cd in rice, vegetables, pork, fish, drinking water, and soil samples from an active barite mining district were determined. Daily intakes of Ba and Cd, as well as corresponding health risks, were evaluated. The average total daily exposure doses of Cd were 0.0035 and 0.0012 mg/kg BW/day (geometric mean) in the mining zone (MZ) and the chemical plant zone (PZ), respectively. These values significantly exceed the provisional tolerable monthly intake (25 μg/kg BW/month, equal to 0.00083 mg/kg BW/day). Based on the daily exposure doses, vegetable consumption was the most significant Ba exposure route for residents, contributing around 66.1% of the total exposure. In contrast, rice consumption was the major Cd exposure pathway, accounting for about 85.6% of the total exposure. Although the geometric mean (0.17) and 95th percentile (P95, 0.75) of the total hazard quotient (HQ) for Ba were below the acceptable level (1), suggesting that there were no significant health effects caused by Ba exposure, Cd exposure was associated with significant health risks, with the geometric mean of the HQ (1.