Conclusion Our results indicate that the thalamus may be differentially affected among patients with mTBI, resulting in both structural and functional deficits with subsequent post-concussive sequelae and may serve as a biomarker for the assessment of efficacy of novel therapeutic interventions.Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) rates and outcomes are worse in Latin American countries relative to high-income countries. This study examined whether cognitive dysfunction, depressive mood, and poor social and emotional self-regulation in individuals with an acute TBI in Latin America predict longitudinal trajectories of caregiver burden during the first 4 months post-discharge.Method A sample of 109 caregivers of individuals with a new TBI from Colombia and Mexico completed the observer European Brain Injury Questionnaire before hospital discharge and the Zarit Burden Inventory at the same time and again at 2 and 4 months after discharge. A hierarchical linear model (HLM) was used to assess whether cognitive dysfunction, depressive mood, and poor social and emotional self-regulation at hospital discharge predicted longitudinal trajectories of caregiver burden.Results Results suggested that burden trajectories decreased over time and men reported higher burden than women. Additionally, results showed that poor patient social and emotional self-regulation predicted higher burden trajectories.Conclusions Men and caregivers providing care for those experiencing poor social and emotional self-regulation may be at risk for burden. Culturally sensitive interventions focusing on social functioning of individuals with TBI and gender-informed caregiver interventions aimed at burden should be implemented in Latin America. To report the tectonic role of circular and square-shaped lamellar grafts without using extra corneas. We retrospectively reviewed 23 lamellar patch grafts performed over a six-year period for various tectonic indications in corneal thinning and perforations. The anterior stroma of corneal endothelium peeled for Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty were used to prepare circular lamellar corneal grafts. After punch trepanation of donor corneas for penetrating keratoplasty, the remaining rim of the cornea was used to prepare square-shaped grafts. Circular lamellar grafts were used in 13 eyes that had paracentral or central corneal thinning or perforations. Square-shaped grafts were used in 10 eyes, nine of which had peripheral corneal thinning or perforations, and one, limbal. Anatomical success after tectonic grafts was achieved in 22 of 23 eyes (95.6%) at a mean follow-up of 9.83±6.27months. AMG PERK 44 solubility dmso The mean of the best-corrected visual acuity improved from logMAR 2.29±0.23 preoperatively to logMAR 1.35±0.2 postoperatively, at the final follow-up. The main disadvantage of patch grafts is the shortage in corneal supply due to insufficient cornea donation in developing countries like Turkey. By evaluating unused corneal rims, extra corneas will not be required.The main disadvantage of patch grafts is the shortage in corneal supply due to insufficient cornea donation in developing countries like Turkey. By evaluating unused corneal rims, extra corneas will not be required.Adolescent self-harm is a widespread phenomenon, and a significant problem worldwide. This study describes the experiences of help from the perspective of Finnish people who have suffered self-harm during adolescence. Data were collected from 27 participants as essays and interviews. Participants included both females and males with different backgrounds and treatment experiences. The data were analysed using inductive content analysis. Participants described having received help from other people in informal and formal ways, and they had both positive and negative experiences of help. The results show that several barriers exist for self-harming adolescents to access help, thus improvement in this area are necessary.The emergence of SMILE in the last decade has provided an alternative to LASIK for patients considering cornea laser refractive surgery. SMILE offers a novel approach using the femtosecond laser to create an intrastromal lenticule that can be removed through a small three to four millimeter incision.The purpose of this study is to review the recent literature on popular SMILE claims - reduced iatrogenic dry eye, better recovery of corneal sensation, and a biomechanically stronger cornea - summarize the published outcomes, and determine which claims are myths versus realities.SMILE is still in its infancy as a refractive technique in the US after recent USFDA approval for its treatment of myopia astigmatism in October 2018. Future randomized controlled studies are needed to compare its outcomes to LASIK, which has well-documented good visual outcomes, rapid postoperative recovery, and good safety profile. Opioid use disorder (OUD), which includes the morbidity of dependence and mortality of overdose, has reached epidemic proportions in the United States. Overprescription of opioids can lead to chronic use and misuse, and unused narcotics after surgery can lead to their diversion. Research supports that most patients do not take all the prescribed opioids after surgery and that surgeons are the second largest prescribers of opioids in the United States. The introduction of opioids in those with OUD often begins with prescription opioids. Reducing the number of extra opioids available after surgery through smaller prescriptions, safe storage, and disposal should reduce the risk of opioid use disorder in otolaryngology patients and their families. The purpose of this specialty-specific guideline is to identify quality improvement opportunities in postoperative pain management of common otolaryngologic surgical procedures. These opportunities are communicated through clear actionable statements with explanatio has resolved; (10) clinicians should inquire, within 30 days of surgery, whether the patient has stopped using opioids, has disposed of unused opioids, and was satisfied with the pain management plan.This plain language summary explains pain management and careful use of opioids after common otolaryngology operations. The summary applies to patients of any age who need treatment for pain within 30 days after having a common otolaryngologic operation (having to do with the ear, nose, or throat). It is based on the 2021 "Clinical Practice Guideline Opioid Prescribing for Analgesia After Common Otolaryngology Operations." This guideline uses available research to best advise health care providers, and it includes recommendations that are explained in this summary. Recommendations may not apply to every patient but can be used to facilitate shared decision making between patients and their health care providers.