Compared with the trend pattern of N-N, both N-H and H-H trends had higher odds of mixed cerebral microbleeds (2.71 [1.08-6.80], and 3.44 [1.39-8.60], respectively); H-H also had higher odds of any cerebral microbleeds or covert brain infarcts (1.54 [1.12-2.20]), and any covert brain infarcts (1.55 [1.08-2.20]). The burden of CSVD also increased with longer hypertension exposure. Our results highlight hypertension having a major role in subclinical CSVD, across subtypes and brain regions, and call attention to improve recognition and treatment of hypertension early in life. To compare the attitudes and preferences of persons with spinal cord injury/dysfunction (SCI/D) and healthcare providers regarding prescription medications, over-the-counter medications, and natural health products (NHPs). A qualitative study involving semi-structured interviews with healthcare providers (  = 32) and persons with SCI/D (  = 19) in Canada. Inductive descriptive and interpretive analyses were conducted using data display matrices and a constant comparative approach. Participants described differing perceptions of therapeutic benefits based on medication type, with shared attitudes about the therapeutic benefits of prescription medications and differing views about the effectiveness of NHPs. Despite the perceived effectiveness of prescription medications, persons with SCI/D preferred to avoid them due to concerns about side effects, safety, and stigma. Persons with SCI/D were often concerned about the long-term safety of prescription medications, whereas providers focused more on medicatications for rehabilitation Following a person-centered approach to shared decision-making, prescribers should initiate explicit conversations about patient medication preferences, short and long-term prescription medication side effects, and alternative treatment options. Regarding prescription medication safety, persons with spinal cord injury/dysfunction focused on the long term impact of medications, while providers focused on medication-related addictions, highlighting a disconnect that should be discussed during initiation, continuation, or discontinuation of a medication. Providers should be mindful of the stigma associated with taking multiple prescription medications, including medicinal marijuana, as well as the stigma associated with over-the-counter medications and natural health products. Providers could benefit from education about spinal cord injury/dysfunction-specific prescription medications and could benefit from increased education about natural health products.The present study examined the extent to which leukocyte infiltration into the kidneys in Ang II (angiotensin II)-induced hypertension is determined by elevation of renal perfusion pressure (RPP). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were instrumented with carotid and femoral arterial catheters for continuous monitoring of blood pressure and a femoral venous catheter for infusion. An inflatable aortic occluder cuff placed between the renal arteries with computer-driven servo-controller maintained RPP to the left kidney at control levels during 7 days of intravenous Ang II (50 ng/kg per minute) or vehicle (saline) infusion. Rats were fed a 0.4% NaCl diet throughout the study. Ang II-infused rats exhibited nearly a 50 mm Hg increase of RPP (carotid catheter) to the right kidney while RPP to the left kidney (femoral catheter) was controlled at baseline pressure throughout the study. As determined at the end of the studies by flow cytometry, right kidneys exhibited significantly greater numbers of T cells, B cells, and monocytes/macrophages compared with the servo-controlled left kidneys and compared with vehicle treated rats. No difference was found between Ang II servo-controlled left kidneys and vehicle treated kidneys. Immunostaining found that the density of glomeruli, cortical, and outer medullary capillaries were significantly reduced in the right kidney of Ang II-infused rats compared with servo-controlled left kidney. We conclude that in this model of hypertension the elevation of RPP, not Ang II nor dietary salt, leads to leukocyte infiltration in the kidney and to capillary rarefaction. To explore theory-guided randomized controlled trials aimed at improving adolescents' oral health and evaluate their effectiveness. Multiple library databases with search criteria for articles between 1990 and 2019. Searched references were coded and screened for theory-guided interventions for adolescent oral health. Characteristics of each study (study sample, adopted theory, outcome measures, length of follow-up and main findings) were extracted and the quality of the eligible trials assessed. Effect sizes for theory-guided interventions for different follow-up periods were analysed and compared with traditional oral health education. About 2135 results were uncovered, 64 were extracted for further screening, and 10 studies were eligible for inclusion. For plaque presence outcomes, no statistical difference was observed between theory-guided interventions and traditional interventions at 3 months (MD -5.94, 95% CI -16.39 to 4.51). When the duration of observation was extended to over one year, a significant reduction was found (SMD -0.25, 95% CI -0.46 to -0.04). Theory-guided interventions for improving oral hygiene status appear to be more effective than traditional interventions for adolescents in the long term. However, more comprehensive studies are required for validation to support the implementation and adoption of these programs in the clinical setting.Theory-guided interventions for improving oral hygiene status appear to be more effective than traditional interventions for adolescents in the long term. selleck chemical However, more comprehensive studies are required for validation to support the implementation and adoption of these programs in the clinical setting. Post-traumatic growth (PTG) is positive change that occurs after struggling with challenging life crises. Research on PTG has typically been limited to oncology populations, first-responders, and individuals in warzones. We report the experience of PTG amongst a sample of 26 anonymous live liver donors. Anonymous donors were those with no biological connection or prior relationship with recipients. Twenty-six participants participated in a semi-structured qualitative interview examining their experience with, and outcomes of donation. Interview transcripts were analyzed for themes about PTG using the constant comparison method. While some donors indicated that donation had little lasting impact on their life, most cited significant personal and interpersonal changes resulting from the experience. The most common positive changes included deepened bonds with others, appreciation for personal strength, clearer life direction, legacy-building, and a connection to the transplant community. Despite the short-term physical trauma of living donor surgery, the act of anonymous donation appeared to be a catalyst for positive long-term psychological growth.