The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the literature regarding access to, and utilization of medication for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and pre-post improvements in diabetes outcomes for adults enrolled in clinic- or pharmacy-based medication assistance programs. The databases searched were PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Embase, Ovid HealthSTAR, PapersFirst, and OpenGrey. Databases were searched from the beginning of each database to Feburary 29, 2020. Articles were included if (1) the population of interest was adults 18 years of age or older with a T2D diagnosis, (2) the study addressed access to medication for diabetes patients in a clinic- or pharmacy-based setting, and (3) the study was conducted in the United States. Data extracted from the selected studies included location of study, patient inclusion criteria, sample size, medication assistance program description, and reported diabetes medication access and medication related adherence outcomes. Eleven articles met the inclusion criteria for the study. The mean reduction in glycated hemoglobin level following the use of medication assistance programs ranged from 0.45 to 0.8. see more Across studies, the mean number of antihyperglycemic medications used by patients in medication assistance programs ranged from 1 to 1.9. Medication adherence was reported at 45% across studies that reported adherence measures. Among the 11 studies identified that assessed access to medication for adults with T2D using clinic- or pharmacy-based medication assistance programs, study findings indicated that many of these programs showed some positive changes in medication access and diabetes-related outcomes.Among the 11 studies identified that assessed access to medication for adults with T2D using clinic- or pharmacy-based medication assistance programs, study findings indicated that many of these programs showed some positive changes in medication access and diabetes-related outcomes. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1) agonists are antidiabetic medications used to improve hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and promote weight loss. Per the Veterans Affairs/Department of Defense guidelines for the management of type 2 diabetes, GLP-1 agonists are expected to lower HbA1c by 1%-1.5%. The clinical pharmacy specialist in the women's health primary care clinic at the Louis A. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center noted cases of women started on GLP-1 agonists achieving greater than expected HbA1c reduction. The primary objective of this study was to determine if there are any patient-specific factors that may increase the effectiveness of GLP-1 agonists. Secondary objectives included an analysis of average weight and HbA1c, use of the Pearson rank correlation test to determine if there is a correlation between weight change and HbA1c reduction, and an analysis of HbA1c reduction associated with each GLP-1 agonist prescribed. A retrospective chart review was conducted. Data collected from the charts included age, sex, height, GLP-1 agonist prescribed, and HbA1c and weight before and after GLP-1 agonist initiation. For primary outcomes, statistical analyses were run between 2 groups patients who had an HbA1c reduction of greater than 1.5% and patients who had an HbA1c reduction less than or equal to 1.5%. Women were more likely to have an HbA1c reduction of greater than 1.5% (P= 0.001). Patients with a lower baseline weight were more likely to attain an HbA1c reduction greater than 1.5% (P= 0.045). Higher baseline HbA1c was correlated with an increased likelihood of HbA1c reduction greater than 1.5% (P= 0.001). GLP-1 agonists may be more effective at reducing HbA1c in female patients, those with a lower baseline weight, and those with a higher baseline HbA1c.GLP-1 agonists may be more effective at reducing HbA1c in female patients, those with a lower baseline weight, and those with a higher baseline HbA1c. Anemia in myelofibrosis (MF) occurs frequently, is poorly addressed by US Food and Drug Administration-approved JAK inhibitors, and negatively impacts quality of life. Immunomodulatory imide agents (IMiDs) such as thalidomide and lenalidomide are among the limited treatment options that have demonstrated anemia benefit in single-arm studies. To better understand the comparative impact of lenalidomide and thalidomide in MF patients, we analyzed 176 consecutive MF patients who received lenalidomide or thalidomide for at least 4 weeks. We sought to understand the variability in patient populations receiving lenalidomide versus thalidomide, to assess the efficacy of these agents, and to investigate clinical or genomic features that predict response. Clinical benefit (CB) was assessable in 83 lenalidomide- and 67 thalidomide-treated patients. Thalidomide-treated patients were more likely to have thrombocytopenia (P< .001) and high-risk disease (P= .02). Forty-one (49%) lenalidomide-treated patients were deemed to have CB, predominantly due to anemia benefit. Similarly, 28 (42%) of thalidomide-treated patients had CB attributable to anemia benefit. Overall survival was similar for lenalidomide- and thalidomide-treated patients (P= .51). Lenalidomide-treated patients with CB had longer overall survival than those who did not (P= .01). High-risk mutations were found in 12 (41%) of 29 and 20 (57%) of 35 patients treated with lenalidomide and thalidomide, respectively (P= .32). Splicing mutations were common in both cohorts, though thalidomide-treated patients were more likely to have a high-risk SRSF2 or U2AF1 Q157 mutation (P= .01). Overall, in this retrospective analysis, lenalidomide and thalidomide showed similar rates of CB in a cohort of MF patients that frequently harbored splicing mutations.Overall, in this retrospective analysis, lenalidomide and thalidomide showed similar rates of CB in a cohort of MF patients that frequently harbored splicing mutations.The diagnosis of breast cancer (BC) during pregnancy is uncommon. It has varied among different studies from 110,000 to 13000 of all pregnancies, with a median age of 33 years. Pregnancy-associated BC represents a challenge in terms of clinical management to guarantee both maternal and fetal security in choosing the right treatment. This situation is complex and requires a multidisciplinary approach, including the surgeon, anesthesiologist, oncologist, radiotherapist, psychologist, and maternal-fetal medicine specialist. In the present review, we examined the management of pregnancy-associated BC, focusing on pathophysiologic background, risk factors, diagnosis, staging procedures, anesthesia, surgical management, and systemic treatment.