RESULTS Three hundred ninety-seven genes exhibited differences in expression with pepsin treatment (P less then  .05). Pathway analysis revealed association with cancer and related signaling processes including dysregulation of cancer-associated molecules, Metastasis-Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 and KRT82, and the long-noncoding RNA, lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1)-AS, which regulates the putative pepsin receptor LRP1. CONCLUSIONS A single, brief exposure to pepsin activated cancer-associated signaling pathways in laryngeal cells in vitro, revealing novel mechanisms by which chronic reflux may contribute to carcinogenesis. The cell line developed herein represents a novel tool in which to investigate pepsin-dysregulated pathways identified by RNA sequencing and disparities of tumor proneness of laryngeal subsites. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A Laryngoscope, 2020. © 2020 The American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc.OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of sphenopalatine ganglion pulsed radiofrequency (SPG-PRF) for the treatment of patients with refractory chronic short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT) and with cranial autonomic symptoms (SUNA). BACKGROUND SPG-PRF is a minimally invasive, non-neurodestructive procedure already tested in refractory chronic cluster headache with mixed outcomes. However, no data have been produced in SUNCT/SUNA. METHODS This was a prospective clinical audit of outcomes. Consecutive patients with chronic SUNCT/SUNA refractory to medical treatments and treated with SPG-PRF, were included in the analysis. The SPG-PRF was performed percutaneously via a lateral, infra-zygomatic approach. Responders were defined as patients with a reduction in number and/or severity of headache episodes by ≥30% for ≥3 months. Responders to the first procedure were offered to have the treatment repeated. RESULTS Nine patients (6 female) were analyzed. After a median follow-up of 30 months (range 2-30), 7 patients were considered responders to the treatment (77.8%) for a median of 6 months (range 4-10), 1 patient obtained 40% improvement for 2 months, and 1 patient did experience any improvement. No procedure-related immediate or delayed side effects were reported. Three patients (33.3%) experienced a worsening of the head pain for 2-4 weeks immediately after the procedure. Four responders had SPG-PRF repeated; a reproducible response was obtained in two of them. CONCLUSIONS In our small series of patients with refractory chronic SUNCT/SUNA, SPG-PRF was a safe and effective treatment modality. The potential reproducible positive effect of subsequent treatments may prevent or delay the use of more invasive and costly interventions for at least a proportion of these patients. © 2020 American Headache Society.OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review was to identify gaps in the research literature regarding high-rise (HR) building occupant fire safety behaviors. Findings from this review will inform further development of the role of public health nurses (PHNs) in promoting population-based strategies to enhance HR occupant fire safety. DESIGN AND SAMPLE The search included peer-reviewed English language articles published after 2001 describing fire safety behaviors among HR building occupants in the United States. RESULTS Fourteen articles were included in the final review. Twelve articles reported exclusively on commercial HR building fire safety; two reported on both the residential and commercial HR building fire safety; 10 reported on events related to the September 11, 2001 attack on the World Trade Center (WTC) towers. Various factors influenced HR occupants' fire safety behaviors, including knowledge about building fire safety features and emergency plans, participation in drills, and organizational emergency preparedness. People with mobility impairments required special considerations. Two theoretical models explaining HR occupants' fire safety behaviors were identified. CONCLUSIONS Gaps in the research literature exist regarding residential HR occupant fire safety behaviors. selleck products Further research regarding ways that PHNs are currently engaged in this important public health issue should be further explored. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.OBJECTIVE This descriptive study examined the prevalence and correlates of trauma, substance use, and mental health symptoms in homeless transitional age youth (TAY) in San Francisco. DESIGN & SAMPLE One hundred homeless TAY were recruited from a community-based organization to complete a survey on trauma, mental health symptoms, and substance use. MEASUREMENTS We used these measures National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)-Modified Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) for frequency and risk level of substance use; the 10-item Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) for prevalence of trauma; the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms; Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for depression symptoms; and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item for anxiety symptoms. RESULTS Almost all (n = 98) participants experienced at least one ACE during childhood, and 77% experienced four or more. Most participants (80%) reached the diagnostic threshold for PTSD, 74% for depression, and 51% for moderate anxiety. Symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, and depression were all significantly correlated with use of opioids and stimulants. CONCLUSION Trauma, and co-occurring substance use and mental health problems are prevalent among homeless TAY. Individual- and community-level interventions are needed to address and improve the health of this population. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Avian rictal bristles are present in many species of birds, especially in nocturnal species. Rictal bristles occur along the upper beak and are morphologically similar to mammalian whiskers. Mammalian whiskers are important tactile sensors, guiding locomotion, foraging and social interactions, and have a well-characterised anatomy. However, it is not yet known whether avian rictal bristles have a sensory function, and their morphology, anatomy and function have also not been described in many species. Our study compares bristle morphology, follicle anatomy and their association with foraging traits, across 12 Caprimulgiform species. Rictal bristle morphology and follicle anatomy were diverse across the 12 species. Nine of the 12 species had mechanoreceptors around their bristle follicles; however, there was large variation in their musculature, mechanoreceptor numbers and bristle morphology. Overall, species with short, thin, branching bristles that lacked mechanoreceptors tended to forage pre-dusk in open habitats, whereas species with mechanoreceptors around their bristle follicle tended to forage at night and in more closed habitats.