Epilepsy is defined as "drug-resistant" when existing anti-epileptic drugs (AED) are found to have minimal to no effect on patient's condition. Zebularine mouse Therefore the search and testing of new treatment strategies is warranted. This study focuses on the effects of autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in drug-resistant epilepsy patients within a Phase I/II open-label registered clinical trial NCT02497443. A total of 67 patients was included (29 males, 38 females, mean age 33±1.3 yo). The patients received either standard treatment with AEDs, or AEDs supplemented with one or two courses of therapy with autologous bone marrow-derived MSCs expanded in vitro. MSC therapy courses were 6 months apart, and each course consisted of two cell injections an intravenous infusion of MSCs, followed within 1 week by an intrathecal injection. Primary outcome of the study was safety, secondary outcome was efficacy in terms of seizure frequency reduction and response to treatment. MSC injections proved safe and did not cause anlepsy demonstrated significant anticonvulsant potential. This effect lasted for at least 1 year, with repeated administration of MSCs conveying additional clinical benefit. Despite recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of the disease, the prognosis of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains poor. While the value of molecular pattern profiles at first diagnosis has been demonstrated, only few studies have examined these biomarkers at the time of recurrence. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of extent of resection at repeated craniotomy on overall survival (OS) of patients with recurrent GBM. In addition, we investigated the molecular pattern profiles at first and second surgery to evaluate possible temporal evolution of these patterns and to assess the effect of these modifications on OS. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 63 patients (mean age 59.2 years) surgically treated at least two times for recurrent GBM between 2006 and 2020. Median OS and progression-free survival (PFS) were 22 months (range 2-168 months) and 10 months (range 1-96 months), respectively. The OS following gross-total resection (GTR) at recurrence for patients with longer OS. This study confirmed the role of extent of resection (EOR) at first and at recurrence as a significant predictor of outcome in patients with recurrent GBM. In addition, this study highlighted the concept of a dynamic evolution of GBM genome after initial surgical resection, supporting the need of further studies to investigate the clinical and therapeutic implications of the changes in genetic profiles after initial surgery.This study confirmed the role of extent of resection (EOR) at first and at recurrence as a significant predictor of outcome in patients with recurrent GBM. In addition, this study highlighted the concept of a dynamic evolution of GBM genome after initial surgical resection, supporting the need of further studies to investigate the clinical and therapeutic implications of the changes in genetic profiles after initial surgery. To investigate if right hemisphere stroke is associated with decreased lexical-semantic ability. We compared subjects with right hemisphere brain damage after stroke with healthy controls using the validated version of the Montreal Evaluation of Communication to assess lexical-semantic domains of language. Sixteen patients and thirty-two controls were included. The post-stroke group with right hemispheric brain lesions showed considerable limitations in metaphor interpretation, fluency, and semantic judgment. Individuals with right hemisphere damage after stroke may present with language changes in the lexical-semantic aspects.Individuals with right hemisphere damage after stroke may present with language changes in the lexical-semantic aspects. To investigate the relationship between preoperative retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and the recovery of visual field (VF) and visual acuity (VA) 1 year after surgery in chiasmal compression patients presenting with visual impairment. Twenty-nine eyes of 16 patients with chiasmal compression and 14 eyes of 14 control subjects were enrolled. All patients undergoing chiasmal decompression surgery via a transsphenoidal approach were prospectively evaluated before and 1 year after surgery with best corrected visual acuity (BCVA, logMAR), mean deviation (MD) value with standard automated perimetry (SAP) and RNFL thickness with optical coherence tomography. Eyes with chiasmal compression were divided into two groups according to the mean preoperative RNFL thickness ≥100µm (Group 1) and <100µm (Group 2). The relationship between the mean preoperative RNFL thickness and visual prognosis parameters (VF, VA) was analyzed. The mean preoperative RNFL thickness was 115.92±8.97µm, 84.0±8.85µm, and 114.2e recovery of VF and VA after decompression surgery in patients with chiasmal lesion presenting with visual impairment.Cervical spine fracture-dislocation in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and severe thoracic kyphosis is extremely unstable. This study was performed to investigate the efficacy and safety of halo vest application before and during surgery for these patients. We retrospectively analyzed the case histories, operations, neurologic outcomes, follow-up data, and imaging records of 25 patients with AS and severe thoracic kyphosis who underwent surgical treatment of cervical fracture-dislocation in our department from 2008 to 2019. A halo vest was used to reduce and immobilize the fractured spinal column ends before and during surgery. The neurologic injury was evaluated using the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale score, visual analog scale (VAS) score, and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score before and after the operation. Twenty-two patients achieved closed anatomical reduction; two achieved successful reduction and one underwent failed reduction after halo vest applicatiary neurologic deterioration. Intractable or persistent hiccups and nausea (IHN) are rarely associated with herpes zoster (HZ-IHN). We aimed to identify the clinical characteristics of HZ-IHN by comparing them with those of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder associated with IHN (NMOSD-IHN). We collected 8 patients with HZ-IHN and 12 patients with NMOSD-IHN diagnosed between 2002 and 2020 from medical databases. Medical records including clinical information, laboratory data on serum anti-aquaporin 4 (AQP4) antibodies, serological or cerebrospinal fluid findings for the varicella zoster virus, medullary MRI findings, and efficacy of intravenous methylprednisolone pulse (IVMP) therapy were analyzed retrospectively. The age of onset (69±13 years versus 46±17 years, P=0.003), percentage of men [7/8 patients (88%) versus 3/12 patients (25%), P=0.020], serum CRP levels (1.41±1.17mg/dL versus 0.14±0.33mg/dL, P=0.018), and frequency of hemi-cranial nerve involvement [6/8 patients (75%) versus 1/12 patients (8%), P=0.004] were significantly higher in patients with HZ-IHN than in those with NMOSD-IHN.