A 3D hierarchical graphitic carbon nanostructure encapsulating cobalt(0)/cobalt oxide nanoparticles (CoGC) has been prepared by solid-state pyrolysis of a mixture of anthracene and cobalt 2,2'-bipyridine terephthalate complex at 850 °C. Based on the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) methods, the prepared material has high surface area (186.8 m2 g-1) with an average pore width of 205.5 Å. XPS reveals the functionalization of carbon with different oxygen-containing groups, such as carboxylic acid groups. The presence of metallic cobalt nanoparticles with cubic and hexagonal crystalline structures encapsulated in graphitized carbon is confirmed using XRD and TEM. Raman spectroscopy indicates a graphitization degree of ID/IG = 1.02. CoGC was cast onto a glassy carbon electrode and used for urea electrooxidation in an alkaline solution. The electrochemical investigation shows that the newly prepared CoGC has a promising electrocatalytic activity toward urea. The specific activity is 128 mA cm-1 mg-1 for the electrooxidation of 0.3 M urea in 1 M KOH at a relatively low onset potential (0.31 V vs Ag/AgCl). It can be mainly attributed to the morphological structure of carbon and the high reactivity of cobalt nanoparticles. The calculated charge-transfer resistance, Rct, of the modified electrode in the presence of urea (10.95 Ω) is significantly lower than that in the absence of urea (113.5 Ω), which indicates electrocatalytic activity. The value of charge-transfer rate constant, ks, for the anodic reaction is 0.0058 s-1. Electrocatalytic durability in 1000 s chronoamperometry of the modified electrode suggests high structure stability. The modified electrode retained about 60% of its activity after 100 cycles as indicated by linear sweep voltammetry.The reservoir properties of tectonically deformed coals (TDCs) differ significantly compared with their neighboring primary coals which are also known as unaltered or underformed coals. However, the heterogeneity of nanopores in TDCs under the syncline control has been seldom reported, and also the middle-rank level was minimally investigated to date. Thus, in this paper, the structures and multiscale fractal characteristics of nanopores in middle-rank TDCs under the controlling effect from Panguan Syncline were investigated via high-pressure mercury injection (HPMI), low-pressure CO2/N2 adsorption (LPCO2/N2GA), and fractal theory. The results show that both the pore volume (PV) and specific surface area (SSA) of macropores increase significantly in the stage of cataclastic-schistose coal. For ductile deformed coals, the PV increases, while the SSA remains stable. The SSA of mesopores increases slightly in the brittle deformation stage, but significantly in the ductile deformation stage. For micropores, both tion.Sulfide solid electrolytes (SEs) with high Li-ion conductivities (σion) and soft mechanical properties have limited applications in wet casting processes for commercial all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) because of their inherent atmospheric and chemical instabilities. In this study, we fabricated sulfide SEs with a novel core-shell structure via environmental mechanical alloying, while providing sufficient control of the partial pressure of oxygen. This powder possesses notable atmospheric stability and chemical resistance because it is covered with a stable oxysulfide nanolayer that prevents deterioration of the bulk region. The core-shell SEs showed a σion of more than 2.50 mS cm-1 after air exposure (for 30 min) and reaction with slurry chemicals (mixing and drying for 31 min), which was approximately 82.8% of the initial σion. The ASSB cell fabricated through wet casting provided an initial discharge capacity of 125.6 mAh g-1. The core-shell SEs thus exhibited improved powder stability and reliability in the presence of chemicals used in various wet casting processes for commercial ASSBs.The synergetic effects during the co-combustion of coal blended with polyurethane are researched by thermogravimetric experiments. CM 4620 The mixing ratio of polyurethane to coal affects the oxygen absorption and pyrolysis. According to the synergetic effects, the co-combustion process can be divided into three stages. In the first stage, the synergetic effects are notable and the main reactions are pyrolysis and oxygen absorption. In the second stage, there are almost no synergetic effects and the main reaction is combustion of fixed carbon. In the third stage, there are some synergetic effects because the combustion residues agglomerate. The synergetic effects during co-combustion are influenced by two factors, energy and free radicals. When the mixing ratio is lower than 115, the synergetic effects are expressed as inhibitory effects, and the pyrolysis of polyurethane competes with the oxygen absorption of coal. The calorific values of the samples are lower and their ignition temperature and activation energy in the early stage of co-combustion are higher than those of coal. When the mixing ratio is higher than 115, the synergetic effects expressed as promoting effects.The physicochemical properties of highly stable supramolecular donor-acceptor (D-A) complexes of a bis(18-crown-6)azobenzene (weak π-donor) with a series of bis(ammonioalkyl) derivatives of viologen-like molecules (π-acceptors) in acetonitrile were studied using cyclic voltammetry, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The crystalline structures of the bis(crown)azobenzene and its complex with a bis(ammoniopropyl) derivative of 2,7-diazapyrene were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. In solution, all of the supramolecular D-A complexes studied have a pseudocyclic structure owing to ditopic coordination of the ammonium groups of the acceptor to the crown ether moieties of the donor. These complexes show somewhat lower stability as compared with the previously studied complexes of the related derivative of stilbene (strong π-donor), which is explained by the relatively weak intermolecular charge-transfer (CT) interactions. Time-dependent DFT calculations predict that the low-energy CT transition in the D-A complex of the bis(crown)azobenzene with a bis(ammoniopropyl) derivative of 4,4'-bipyridine lies between the local ππ* and nπ* transitions of the azobenzene.