Formation damage caused by fine migration and straining is a well-documented phenomenon in sandstone reservoirs. Fine migration and the associated permeability decline have been observed in various experimental studies, and this phenomenon has been broadly explained by the analysis of surface forces between fines and sand grains. The Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory is a useful tool to help understand and model the fine release, migration, and control phenomena within porous media by quantifying the total interaction energy of the fine-brine-rock (FBR) system. Fine migration is mainly caused by changes in the attractive and repulsive surface forces, which are triggered by mud invasion during drilling activity, the utilization of completion fluid, acidizing treatment, and water injection into the reservoir during secondary and tertiary recovery operations. Increasing pH and decreasing water salinity collectively affect the attractive and repulsive forces and, at a specific value of pH, and critichat the application of NPs and the presence of divalent ions increase the attractive force and help to mitigate the fine migration problem. Hence, a new insight into the analysis of quantified surface forces is presented in current research work by the practical application of the DLVO theory to model fine migration initiation under the influence of injection water chemistry.Here, we introduce the open-source software framework wepy (https//github.com/ADicksonLab/wepy) which is a toolkit for running and analyzing weighted ensemble (WE) simulations. The wepy toolkit is in pure Python and as such is highly portable and extensible, making it an excellent platform to develop and use new WE resampling algorithms such as WExplore, REVO, and others while leveraging the entire Python ecosystem. In addition, wepy simplifies WE-specific analyses by defining out-of-core tree-like data structures using the cross-platform HDF5 file format. In this paper, we discuss the motivations and challenges for simulating rare events in biomolecular systems. As has previously been shown, high-dimensional WE resampling algorithms such as WExplore and REVO have been successful at these tasks, especially for rare events that are difficult to describe by one or two collective variables. We explain in detail how wepy facilitates implementation of these algorithms, as well as aids in analyzing the unique structure of WE simulation results. To explain how wepy and WE work in general, we describe the mathematical formalism of WE, an overview of the architecture of wepy, and provide code examples of how to construct, run, and analyze simulation results for a protein-ligand system (T4 Lysozyme in an implicit solvent). This paper is written with a variety of readers in mind, including (1) those curious about how to leverage WE rare-event simulations for their domain, (2) current WE users who want to begin using new high-dimensional resamplers such as WExplore and REVO, and (3) expert users who would like to prototype or implement their own algorithms that can be easily adopted by others.Solar-driven water evaporation has been proven to be a promising and efficient method for the energy crisis and clean water shortage issues. Herein, we strategically design and fabricate a novel nonstoichiometric CoWO4-x -deposited foam nickel (NF) membrane (CoWO4-x @NF) that possesses all the desirable optical, thermal, and wetting properties for efficient water evaporation and purification. The broadband absorption of CoWO4-x nanoparticles (NPs) obtained by hydrogen reduction contributes to light-to-heat conversion, while NF with a three-dimensional porous structure can support CoWO4-x NPs and ensure the rapid flow of water molecules during the water evaporation process. We systematically explore and compare the outdoor water evaporation performance of the pure water group, NF group, and CoWO4-x @NF group, and the results show that CoWO4-x @NF performs well under natural sunlight irradiation (water evaporation 2.91 kg m-2). Significantly, under solar irradiation, the remarkable reduction of Cyanophyta and Euglenophyta in lake water is achieved in the CoWO4-x @NF membrane-administered group, and these two algae are the main factors for eutrophication of the lake water. Our work highlights the great potentials of the CoWO4-x @NF membrane as a device for realizing outdoor solar energy-driven water evaporation and proposes a new strategy for purifying the eutrophication of the lake water.Antimicrobial agents (AMAs) are widely exploited nowadays to meet the high demand for animal-derived food. It has a significant impact on the food chain whose end consumers are human beings. The burden of AMAs on humans comes from either meat or crops cultivated on soil containing high residual antibiotics, which are responsible for the global crisis of antibiotic resistance. Thus, the objective of this study was to design a selective and sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS-based simultaneous bioanalytical method for estimation of twenty AMAs in human plasma, raw meat, and soil samples. The selective extraction of all analytes from the above matrices was performed by the solid-phase extraction clean-up method to overcome the interferences. Analytes were separated on a Waters Symmetry Shield C18 (150 × 4.6 mm2, 5 μm) column, using an isocratic solvent system of methanol-0.5% formic acid (8020, v/v) with 0.75 mL/min flow rate. The average extraction recoveries for all analytes in plasma were ranged from 42.0 to 94.0% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) below ±15%. click here All of the validation parameters are in accordance with the United State Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) guidelines. Moreover, the method was also valid for a broad plasma concentration range and can be proposed as an excellent method for routine pharmacokinetic studies, therapeutic drug monitoring, clinical analysis, and detection and quantitation of AMA remnants in raw meat as a standard quality control test for human consumption.Caking constitutes a major problem for the flowability, transport, packaging, and consumption of hygroscopic granular crystalline materials such as salt. Sodium chloride is the most abundant salt on the earth and known to form strong lumps, mainly due to cycles of water uptake and water evaporation. We report on a multiscale study of the anticaking effect of the bio-based additive Fe-mTA, a metal-organic complex of iron (III) and meso-tartrate. Drying-deliquescence cycling experiments are performed to reproduce the situation in which the salt undergoes repeated humidity fluctuations. Our results show that Fe-mTA acts as a nucleation promoter and growth inhibitor by inducing roughness on the surface of crystals. To directly study the effect of Fe-mTA down to the micrometer scale, we study liquid capillary bridges between two macroscopic salt crystals by applying droplets of salt solution with various levels of additives. Scanning electron microscopy and three-dimensional (3D) laser scanning confocal profilometry results show that Fe-mTA produces a surface roughness at the micron scale.