All rights reserved. For permissions, please email journals.permissions@oup.com.Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis is characterized by asthma, blood and tissue eosinophilia and small-vessel vasculitis. The clinical presentation is variable, but two main clinic-pathologic subsets can be distinguished one hallmarked by positive ANCA and predominant 'vasculitic' manifestations (e.g. glomerulonephritis, purpura and mononeuritis multiplex) and the other by negative ANCA and prominent 'eosinophilic' manifestations (e.g. lung infiltrates and cardiomyopathy). The pathogenesis is not fully understood but probably results from the interplay between T and B cells and eosinophils. Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis must be differentiated from several conditions, including hypereosinophilic syndromes and other small-vessel vasculitides. The overall survival is good; however, patients frequently relapse and have persistent symptoms. The recently developed monoclonal antibodies targeting B cells and eosinophilopoietic cytokines such as IL-5 are emerging as valid alternatives to conventional immunosuppressive therapies. In this review, we discuss the essential features of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, with particular respect to the most relevant issues concerning clinical presentation and management. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Rheumatology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email journals.permissions@oup.com.Behcet's syndrome (BS) is a variable vessel vasculitis with heterogeneous clinical features. Skin, mucosa and joint involvement can cause impairment of quality of life but do not cause permanent damage whereas untreated eye, vascular, nervous system and gastrointestinal system involvement can cause serious damage and even death. Management of BS as a multidisciplinary team enables a faster and more accurate diagnosis and well-integrated treatment strategies. Corticosteroids are the mainstay of therapy. Colchicine, AZA, ciclosporin-A, cyclophosphamide, IFN alpha, and tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitors are other agents used as induction and/or maintenance therapy. Although biologic agents have been increasingly used, there are still unmet needs. selleck products Head-to-head comparison studies of some therapeutic options (e.g. TNF inhibitors vs IFN alpha in uveitis) are required. Novel therapeutic agents in the pipeline could change the standard of care for BS in the future. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Rheumatology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email journals.permissions@oup.com.Systemic vasculitis are a complex cluster of diseases with high associated morbidity. As disease-related mortality diminishes, the cumulative impact of poor health-related quality of life becomes more pertinent to patients than the initial pathological insult. In this article we explore health-related quality of life in ANCA-associated vasculitis, large-vessel vasculitis and therapeutic strategies that may enhance this critical outcome. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Rheumatology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email journals.permissions@oup.com.Vegetative propagation through somatic embryogenesis is an effective method to produce elite varieties and can be applied as a tool to study the response of plants to different stresses. Several studies show that environmental changes during embryogenesis could determine future plant development. Moreover, we previously reported that physical and chemical conditions during somatic embryogenesis can determine the protein, hormone and metabolite profiles, as well as the micromorphological and ultrastructural organization of embryonal masses and somatic embryos. In this sense, phytohormones are key players throughout the somatic embryogenesis process as well as during numerous stress-adaptation responses. In this work we first applied different high-temperature regimes (30°C, 4 weeks; 40°C, 4 days; 50°C, 5 minutes) during induction of Pinus radiata somatic embryogenesis, together with control temperature (23°C). Then, the somatic plants regenerated from initiated embryogenic cell lines and cultivated in greenhouones could be potential regulators of stress-response processes during initial steps of somatic embryogenesis and that they may have delayed implications in further developmental processes, determining the performance of the generated plants. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permission@oup.com.The infratemporal fossa (ITF) is bounded superiorly by the skull base, specifically the greater wing of the sphenoid, which contains foramen ovale. It is bordered posteriorly by the temporal bone, including the petrous portion of the carotid canal, anteriorly by the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus, laterally by the mandible, and medially by the pterygoid body and lateral pterygoid plate.1-3 In this video, we report a case of a rare, exclusively extradural, schwannoma originating from the third division of the trigeminal nerve with a widened foramen ovale at the skull base. The tumor filled the ITF and extended laterally just through the sigmoid notch of the mandible. The patient complained of left cheek and lower jaw numbness and intermittent left jaw spasms. The tumor was deemed appropriate for endoscopic resection. To access the ITF, left-sided endoscopic sinus surgery, a modified endoscopic Denker's approach,4 and posterior nasal septectomy were first performed. A nasoseptal flap was also harvested in case an intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak required repair. Dissection was carried out through the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus and pterygopalatine fossa to reach the ITF. Tumor resection was achieved through a 2-surgeon, 4-handed approach in which appropriate traction and countertraction were carefully applied to tease the tumor away from the skull base and dehiscent carotid canal. No CSF leak or carotid injury occurred, and the posterior maxillary sinus wall defect was repaired with the nasoseptal flap. The patient did well postoperatively.  The patient consented to the procedure in a standard fashion. Copyright © 2020 by the Congress of Neurological Surgeons.