The anatomical sciences have always been regarded as an essential component of medical education. In Canada, the methodology and time dedicated to anatomy teaching are currently unknown. Two surveys were administered to course directors and discipline leaders to gain a comprehensive view of anatomical education in Canadian medical schools. Participants were queried about contact hours (classroom and laboratory), content delivery and assessment methods for gross anatomy, histology, and embryology. Twelve schools responded to both surveys, for an overall response rate of 64%. Overall, Canadian medical students spend 92.8 (± 45.4) hours (mean ±SD), studying gross anatomy 25.2 (± 21.0) for histology and 7.4 (± 4.3) for embryology. Gross anatomy contact hours statistically significantly exceeded those for histology and embryology. Results show that most content is delivered in the first year of medical school, as anatomy is foundational building block for upper year courses. Laboratory contact time for gross anatomy was 56.8 hours (± 30.7, SD), histology was 11.4 hours (± 16.2), and embryology was 0.25 hours (± 0.6). Additionally, 42% of programs predominantly used instructor/technician-made prosections, another 33% used a mix of dissection and prosections and 25% have their students complete cadaveric dissections. Teaching is either completely or partially integrated into all Canadian medical curricula. This integration trend in Canada parallels those of other medical schools around the world where programs have begun to decrease contact time in anatomy and increase integration of the anatomical sciences into other courses. Compared to published American data, Canadian schools offer less contact time. The reason for this gap is unknown. Further investigation is required to determine if the amount of anatomical science education within medical school affects student performance in clerkship, residency and beyond. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.AIMS Dopamine (DA) hyperactivity causes overestimation of time, whereas DA hypoactivity produces its underestimation. DA activity also provides neurochemical substrates pertinent to several psychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia and Tourette's syndrome. The overestimation of time sometimes exists in patients with Tourette's syndrome, but no reports have addressed time perception in relation to antipsychotic medications which typically act as DA receptor antagonists. We herein report a case of Tourette's syndrome, in which time estimation was differentially affected by risperidone (a DA antagonist) and aripiprazole (a DA partial agonist). CASE A 27-year-old man who suffered from verbal and motor tics was treated with risperidone. His tic symptoms disappeared; however, he began to experience a strange feeling that "time is going too fast." For example, "people walk more quickly compared to a normal pace." These complaints were thought to represent underestimation of time. Then, risperidone was switched to oral aripiprazole to optimize DA transmissions, which resulted in the amelioration of these subjective feelings. CONCLUSION Our observations indicate that the underestimation of time may occur in patients with Tourette's syndrome who receive antipsychotic drugs with high DA D2 receptor blocking potency. This may support the concept that the estimation of time is influenced by DA activity. © 2020 The Authors. Neuropsychopharmacology Reports published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of the Japanese Society of NeuropsychoPharmacology.The release of metal ions may play an important role in toxicity of metal-based nanoparticles. In this report, a life cycle study is carried out in a greenhouse, to compare the effects of ceria nanoparticles (NPs) and Ce3+ ions at 0, 50, 100, and 200 mg Ce kg-1 on plant growth, biological and physiological parameters, and nutritional value of soil-grown common bean plants. selleck chemicals Ceria NPs have a tendency to negatively affect photosynthesis, but the effect is not statistically significant. Ce3+ ionic treatments at 50, 100, and 200 mg Ce kg-1 result in increases of 1.25-, 0.66-, and 1.20-fold in stomatal conductance, respectively, relative to control plants. Both ceria NPs and Ce3+ ions disturb the homeostasis of antioxidant defense system in the plants, but only 200 mg Ce kg-1 ceria NPs significantly induce lipid peroxidation in the roots. Ceria NP treatments tend to reduced fresh weight and to increase mineral contents of the green pods, but have no effect on the organic nutrient contents. On the contrary, Ce3+ ion treatments modify the organic compositions and thus alter the nutritional quality and flavor of the green pods. These results suggest that the two Ce forms may have different mechanisms on common bean plants. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.The development of a powerful immunoassay platform with capacities of both simplicity and high multiplexing is promising for disease diagnosis. To meet this urgent need, for the first time, a multiplexed luminescent oxygen channeling immunoassay (multi-LOCI) platform by implementation of LOCI with suspension array technology is reported. As the microcarrier of the platform, a unique dual-functional barcode with a host-guest structure composed of a quantum dot host bead (QDH) and LOCI acceptor beads (ABs) is designed, in which QDH provides function of high coding capacity while ABs facilitate the LOCI function. The analytes bridge QDH@ABs and LOCI donor beads (DBs) into a close proximity, forming a QDH@ABs-DBs "host-guest-satellite" superstructure that generates both barcode signal from QDH and LOCI signal induced by singlet oxygen channeling between ABs and DBs. Through imaging-based decoding, different barcodes are automatically distinguished and colocalized with LOCI signals. Importantly, the assay achieves simultaneous detection of multiple analytes within one reaction, simply by following a "mix-and-measure" protocol without the need for tedious washing steps. Furthermore, the multi-LOCI platform is validated for real sample measurements. With the advantages of robustness, simplicity, and high multiplexing, the platform holds great potential for the development of point-of-care diagnostics. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.