The Peninsula of Sorrento (Campania, southern Italy) harbors the C. tenorei group, a collection of three subtly differentiated microspecies, including C. tenorei Guss, a subject of ongoing debate. The species Lacaita, C. montaltensis (Fiori) Peruzzi, and C. lacaitae Peruzzi are noted. Still, the taxonomic individuality and the interrelationships between these species and their close or co-occurring counterparts are not definitively established. The presence of individuals with intermediate morphologies in diverse localities raises concerns about the accuracy of taxonomic assessments within this group, possibly due to hybridization and genetic admixture with other species. Our goal in this study was to define the population structure observed within this complex environment. To achieve this goal, we collected samples of the three currently recognized species from their type localities and from various other locations across their distribution, including populations that are challenging to identify where the ranges of different species intersect. We used SNPs obtained from genotyping-by-sequencing to study genetic structure, admixture, and ploidy inference, which was further compared against direct chromosome counts. Our research demonstrated that Centaurea tenorei s.l. exhibits a consistent tetraploid condition, thus challenging the existing taxonomic system which depended on ploidy level as a crucial element. mg-132 inhibitor Statistical analyses of population structure indicated the existence of clusters (four to seven), with a majority of these showcasing clear proof of admixture. Beyond this, contradicting earlier estimations, we demonstrated a considerable impact of C. deusta, surpassing that of C. cineraria, on the genetic composition of C. tenorei. Although the population of C. cineraria was discovered outside its usual ecological niche, likely a consequence of shifts in climate, this could potentially lead to increased hybridization in the future.Within the wheat leaf aging process, degenerative actions are coupled with restorative nutrient re-appropriation. Spring-planted wheat's flag leaf metabolite levels, and the associated biosynthetic pathways under varying nitrogen fertilizer regimens, are, however, substantially unknown. A comprehensive untargeted metabolomic strategy was employed in this study to identify metabolites and biosynthetic pathways potentially applicable in wheat breeding programs. The study focused on modulating senescence onset and rate in spring wheat (Dingxi 38). Flag leaves from plants under different nitrogen (N) levels (no N, low N, and high N, categorized as Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively) were collected at anthesis, grain filling, and late grain filling stages. A comprehensive analysis, utilizing ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, identified 826 metabolites. These included 107 flavonoids, 51 phenol lipids, 37 fatty acyls, 37 organooxygen compounds, 31 steroids and derivatives, 18 phenols, and an unspecified number of unknown compounds. The stringent screening of differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) revealed 28 metabolites with differential accumulation in Group 1, as compared to Group 2, and 23 metabolites with similar differences in Group 1 against Group 3. Across the three groups, 1-O-Caffeoylglucose, Rhoifolin, Eurycomalactone, Ingenol, 4-Methoxyphenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside, and Baldrinal emerged as key conserved defense-associated molecules (DAMs). Group 1 demonstrated significantly higher accumulation of these molecules than the other two groups. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showcased the most significantly enriched (p < 0.005) pathways in Group 1 compared to both Group 2 and Group 3. Group 1 demonstrated a significant (p < 0.005) elevation in tropane, piperidine, and pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis; acarbose and validamycin biosynthesis; lysine degradation; and ornithine, lysine, and nicotinic acid-derived alkaloid biosynthesis pathways, relative to Group 2. Conversely, Group 1 showed a significant (p < 0.005) elevation in flavone, flavonol, and anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways relative to Group 3.A cornerstone of sustainable agriculture, particularly in arid and semi-arid environments, is the optimized use of resources to maintain crop yields while combating abiotic stress. Crop growth and yield are subject to significant impacts from water and heat stress, which in turn impact the sophisticated physiological and biochemical processes within the life cycle of crops. The spring wheat cultivar, cv., was the subject of a two-year research study conducted between 2015 and 2017. Deficit irrigation and a delayed planting schedule were employed in the cultivation of HD-2967, resulting in the application of water stress and terminal heat stress, respectively. The data were scrutinized to understand seasonal crop water use, radiation interception, and the parameters of water productivity (WP) and radiation productivity (RP) subject to combined water deficit and terminal heat stresses. The impact of stresses on seasonal crop water use was notable, with the combination of water and terminal heat stress exhibiting the greatest impact, followed by water stress and then terminal heat stress. The seasonal capture of photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR) experienced only a minor effect due to water stress's negligible impact on the light extinction coefficient. Seasonal IPAR was, however, largely determined by both the combination of water and terminal heat stress, and by terminal heat stress acting in isolation. Canopy stomatal conductance, as indicated by canopy conductance, exhibited greater sensitivity to water stress than terminal heat stress in shaping the slope of the relationship between crop water use and IPAR. The results of the study confirmed that a curvilinear association between WP and RP replaces the previously assumed linear proportionality under stress conditions. The final economic yield and biomass of wheat demonstrated variation that could not be attributed solely to independent productivity, such as the amount of water or radiation received. However, the proportion of RP compared to WP unveiled the variance in wheat yield/biomass under the pressure of either a single stress or multiple combined stresses. Optimizing WP and RP management could provide a clue towards achieving higher wheat yields under stress. The highest biomass or yield is observed at a RP-to-WP ratio approaching 1 to 1. A higher ratio of RP to WP in wheat genotypes provides an opportunity for boosting productivity in environments subjected to stress.While user engagement has been extensively studied, there is limited understanding of user disengagement, specifically regarding the impact of excessive social commerce activities on this phenomenon. Motivated by the stimulus-organism-response (SOR) framework and psychological reactance theory (PRT), the authors aimed to study the consequences of social commerce overloads (SCOs) on user disengagement, dissecting its mediating processes and exploring the buffering role of guanxi.The authors initiated an online survey to gather the data, followed by an analysis of our proposed theoretical model and associated hypotheses. In this study, the hypothesized relationships and the model were explored utilizing SPSS 200 software and Amos 240 software.The overloads of social commerce—information, social, and communication—positively affect reactance by inducing perceptions of manipulative intent and compulsive perception; these perceptions further amplify reactance; ultimately, heightened reactance, and these perceptions, result in decreased user engagement through neglectful and blocking behaviors.This study's contributions to the literature on PRT and user disengagement are significant, as it unveils the detrimental effects of excessive social commerce activity on user disengagement, while also showcasing the protective role of guanxi. This knowledge is beneficial for social e-commerce practitioners seeking effective strategies to reduce the negative impacts of social commerce overload.The study's results, regarding the effects of excessive social commerce activities on user disengagement within PRT, contribute to the understanding of this phenomenon, showcasing the buffering influence of guanxi. This knowledge assists social e-commerce practitioners in alleviating the negative impacts of social commerce overload.A hospital-acquired infection, central-line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI), is preventable and negatively affects a patient's hospital stay, prolonging it and increasing the burden on the healthcare system's finances. With the support of infection control and hospital epidemiology, the quality management department designed and implemented a performance enhancement project aimed at handling the 144 CLABSI events of 2017.Through a brainstorming session, the performance improvement project team devised change ideas, illustrated through a driver diagram. The team subsequently employed plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles for the implementation and monitoring of improvements. In the final analysis, the team deployed a multifaceted strategy encompassing: (a) formalized policies and procedures for central line insertion, maintenance, and removal; (b) physician training in simulated central line insertion; (c) a campaign to enhance awareness of staff recognition and patient involvement; (d) implementation of root cause analysis for central line-associated bloodstream infections; (e) automation of central line insertion; and (f) documentation of maintenance procedures within the hospital's information system.In the context of 1,000 patient days, the CLABSI rate declined from 15 per 1,000 device days to a significantly higher rate of 103 per 1,000 device days. In parallel with these improvements, a 24% reduction in CLABSI events was reached by 2018. By the conclusion of 2019, a further reduction of 15% was observed. The overall count of CLABSI events fell by 35% from the 2017 starting point of 144. In 2018 and 2019, the project saw the achievement of 10 units in not having any CLABSI events; a significant aspect of this is that four of those units also had a central line utilization rate more than 40%.The implemented interventions demonstrably lowered the number of CLABSI events in the hospital setting.To attain zero central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) across all hospital units, the project team will persist in deploying and monitoring more interventions over time.