This review aimed to study the current literature linking chronic periodontitis and oral cancer. The relationship between SPINK1 and pancreatic cancer (PC) remains controversial. The current study aimed to determine the effect of SPINK1 mutations on PC development among patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP). This is a prospective observational study including a large cohort of 965 CP patients with 11-year follow-up. CNO agonist mw Patients' demographic characteristics and clinical CP outcomes were documented in detail. Genetic testing was performed. The effect of SPINK1 mutations on the clinical development of PC was explored using Cox proportional hazards regression. Subgroup analyses conducted included the consideration of gender, onset age of CP (early- and late-onset), etiologies of CP, smoking, and alcoholic drinking status. PC was diagnosed in 2.5% (24/965) of patients, and the cumulative incidence rates were 0.2%, 0.8%, and 1.5% at 3, 5, and 10 years since the onset of CP, respectively. In this cohort, SPINK1 c.194+2T>C was the most common variant with a proportion of 39.1%. And the risk of PC development varied marginally between patients with and without SPINK1 mutations (Cox HR 0.39(0.14-1.04), P=0.059). In the subgroup analyses, patients carrying SPINK1 mutations had a significantly lower risk of PC (Cox HR 0.18(0.04-0.80), P=0.025) in the non-smoking group. SPINK1 mutations showed no significant effect in the other subgroups considered. CP patients harboring SPINK1 mutations do not have an elevated risk of PC development compared to mutation-negative CP patients. On the contrary, SPINK1 mutations may be a protective factor in non-smoking patients with CP.CP patients harboring SPINK1 mutations do not have an elevated risk of PC development compared to mutation-negative CP patients. On the contrary, SPINK1 mutations may be a protective factor in non-smoking patients with CP. Radial access is now considered the preferred approach for coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention because of the low risk of vascular complications. However, radial access failure is not uncommon, leading to crossover to a different access site. The CHA DS -VASc score is used to estimate stroke risk in patients with atrial fibrillation. Our study aimed to assess the CHA DS -VASc score in predicting failure of the transradial approach, resulting in crossover to transfemoral access (TFA) for coronary angiography. We performed a single-center, non-randomized, retrospective study. The study included 1775 patients who underwent coronary angiography with or without subsequent percutaneous intervention between July 2018 and October 2019. The study population was divided into three groups based on the CHA DS -VASc score low (≤2), intermediate (3-4), and high score (≥5) groups. The association between the CHA DS -VASc score and radial access failure was evaluated and compared between the groups. A total of 197 patients (11.1%) had crossover to the femoral artery. A large percentage of patients (19.2%) had radial access failure in the high CHA DS -VASc score group (≥5) compared with 12.5% in the intermediate score group (3-4) and only 6.3% in the low score group (≤2). The highest crossover rate (42.9%) was observed in patients with a CHA DS -VASc score of 8. Higher CHA DS -VASc scores were also associated with increased fluoroscopy time, contrast administration, and radiation exposure. The CHA DS -VASc score can predict failure of the transradial approach, with a score of ≥5 having the highest correlation of failure requiring crossover to TFA.The CHA2DS2-VASc score can predict failure of the transradial approach, with a score of ≥5 having the highest correlation of failure requiring crossover to TFA. To assess the effects of hydration status and ice-water dousing on physiological and performance parameters. Randomized, crossover. Twelve athletes (mean[M] ± standard deviation[SD]; age, 20 ± 1 years; height, 174 ± 8 cm; body mass, 72.1 ± 11.0 kg; VO 53.9 ± 7.3 mL⋅kg ⋅min ) completed four trials (euhydrated without dousing, hypohydrated without dousing, euhydrated with dousing, and hypohydrated with dousing), which involved intermittent treadmill running (five 15-minute bouts) in the heat (M ± SD; ambient temperature, 34.7 ± 2.1 °C; relative humidity, 46 ± 3%; wet-bulb globe temperature, 28.0 ± 0.4 °C). Participants also completed four cognitive, power, agility, reaction time, and repeated sprint performance tests throughout each trial. Heart rate (HR) and rectal temperature (T ) were measured continuously. Repeated measures ANOVAs were performed to assess differences between physiological and performance variables. Alpha was set at ≤0.05, a priori. Data are reported as mean difference ± standard error (MD ± SE). HR was significantly lower in euhydrated trials compared to hypohydrated trials, irrespective of dousing (8 ± 2 bpm; p = 0.001). Dousing did not significantly impact HR (p = 0.455) and there was no interaction between hydration and dousing (p = 0.893). T was significantly lower in euhydrated trials compared to hypohydrated trials (0.39 ± 0.05 °C, p < 0.001), with no effect from dousing alone (p = 0.113) or the interaction of hydration and dousing (p = 0.848). Dousing resulted in improved sprint performance (11 ± 3 belt rotations, p = 0.007), while hydration status did not (p = 0.235). Athletes should aim to maintain euhydration during exercise in the heat for improved physiological function and cooling with ice-water dousing elicits additional performance benefits.Athletes should aim to maintain euhydration during exercise in the heat for improved physiological function and cooling with ice-water dousing elicits additional performance benefits. To test the reliability and validity of a physical activity and sedentary behaviour home environment audit tool for young children (2-5 years old). Cross-sectional. Parents of children aged 2-5 years were recruited through online methods (i.e., social media and blogs). Reliability of the SPACES home audit tool was assessed using self-reported surveys (n = 55) completed on two separate occasions, approximately 12 days apart. Validity of the home audit tool was assessed in a separate sample via home observations by researchers conducted after parents completed the self-report survey (n = 21). The audit tool measured indoor and outdoor home environment characteristics hypothesised to influence young children's physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Data were analysed using intraclass correlations (ICCs) and Kappas. The majority of items demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity (80.4% and 53.4%, respectively). Size of the child's bedroom showed substantial agreement for reliability (ICC = 0.85), and slight agreement for validity (ICC = 0.