In major depressive disorder (MDD), event-related potentials that are involved in auditory cortex function (i.e. N100 and P300) often have greater latencies and decreased amplitudes. The auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) is thought to be produced by generators in the auditory cortex, as well as the frontal lobes. Reports on differences in MMN in those with MDD have been varied. It was hypothesized that the wide range of results in the literature may be due to the use of different deviant types in eliciting the MMN. To attempt and explain these inconsistencies, the current study employed a multifeature MMN paradigm with 5 deviant tone types in community-dwelling participants with a diagnosis of MDD. We found those with MDD had higher MMN amplitudes following tones that deviated in intensity and location, but no difference in MMNs elicted by the other deivants (relative to unaffected controls). Location MMN deviants were negatively correlated with depression severity scores (i.e. larger MMN with greater severity). We also found longer MMN latencies following the pitch deviant. These results suggest the early auditory change detection process is altered in MDD, but only following certain types of auditory stimuli. Potential explanations for these findings, including high levels of anxiety and the influence of tryptophan are explored. Equally, the current report highlights the importance of using various deviant types when examining the MMN in clinical populations.PURPOSE To report a rare case of intraocular schwannoma with extrascleral extension in a patient with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and to review the literature for this topic. METHODS Case report. RESULTS A 19-year-old male with a history of juvenile idiopathic arthritis was referred for diagnosis and management of an episcleral mass, initially thought to be focal nodular scleritis. The ocular surface of the right eye revealed an elevated amelanotic episcleral nodule inferonasally, with thin strands of overlying sclera, feeding episcleral vessels, and measuring 11 mm × 11 mm in diameter and 5 mm in thickness. Ophthalmoscopic examination revealed a minimally pigmented ciliochoroidal tumor measuring 13 mm in diameter and 11.4 mm in total thickness and without associated subretinal fluid, orange pigment, or drusen. Ultrasound biomicroscopy and anterior-segment optical coherence tomography confirmed a solid mass with scleral disruption and extraocular extension. Shave biopsy revealed palisading spindle cells and interspersed eosinophilic fibrillary cytoplasmic processes, forming Verocay bodies. The specimen stained positive for S-100 and negative for Melan-A, consistent with benign schwannoma. Observation was recommended. CONCLUSION Intraocular schwannoma is a rare, benign uveal tumor that can demonstrate extrascleral extension, mimicking inflammatory and malignant neoplastic processes. Clinical diagnosis is challenging, and tissue biopsy is required for definite diagnosis.The role of human factors in employee information security awareness (ISA) has garnered increased attention, with many researchers highlighting a potential link between problematic technology use and poorer online safety and security. selleck chemicals This study aimed to present additional evidence for this by exploring the relationship between of Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) and ISA in employees. A total of 718 participants completed an online questionnaire that included a measure of FoMO, ISA, as well as the Big Five personality inventory. Participants who reported higher levels of FoMO had lower overall ISA, as well as having poorer knowledge, a more negative attitude, and engaged in riskier behaviors in relation to ISA. FoMO was also demonstrated to be the largest single negative predictor for ISA, above that of age, gender, and the key personality traits tested. The potential reasons for the influence of FoMO over ISA are discussed, as well as the implications for organizational information security.Key social learning occurs during early childhood with lasting effects throughout the lifespan. In the past 10 years, ownership of mobile technology grew rapidly, particularly in households with young children; this has dramatically changed the early learning landscape. With the ubiquity of mobile devices, many have questioned their effect on the social and emotional learning of children. To explore one aspect of this question, we conducted a cross-temporal comparison to compare two cohorts of sixth graders, one measured in 2012 and another in 2017. Each group took tests, one with still photographs of faces (diagnostic analysis of nonverbal accuracy 2 or DANVA2) and one with videotaped vignettes (the child and adolescent social perception measure or CASP), designed to measure their ability to accurately identify nonverbal emotional cues. We sought to explore whether changes in the early learning environment of the 2017 cohort, who grew up with mobile phones and tablets, could be related to participants' ability to read nonverbal emotional cues. We found that sixth-grade students in 2017 performed better than sixth-grade students in 2012 on the DANVA2, but not on the CASP. One possible reason participants improved on the test with still photographs is because mediated communication has become more visual and less text based, and sharing photographs of oneself and others is more common. Accordingly participants may be more accurate at interpreting emotional cues in photographs due to a larger exposure to photographs of faces.[Box see text].AIM The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of corneal scrubbing associated with matrix regenerating agent on corneal wound healing in patients with persistent corneal ulcers. METHODS This was a retrospective case study in patients with difficult-to-treat corneal ulcer. Corneal scrubbing was performed with a sterile dry cotton bud to eliminate damaged epithelial cells and corneal deposits, promoting epithelial renewal. Regenerating agent was then administered as one eye drop every 2 days in addition to preservative-free ocular lubricants. A bandage contact lens was applied in case of moderate-to-severe corneal pain. Corneal ulcers were regularly assessed until healing. RESULTS In total, 17 patients with a chronic corneal ulcer of various etiologies for several months on average were enrolled. Corneal scrubbing combined with regenerating agent administration led to a rapid corneal ulcer size reduction from 26.4 ± 20.6 mm2 after scrubbing (before regenerating agent) to 7.2 ± 7.1 mm2 at day 5, 3.