Further, history of social anxiety symptoms was not related to change in desire to drink, but was positively related to the belief that alcohol 'would make me feel better.' State anxiety was positively related to both desire to drink and relief outcome expectancies across both tasks. Finally, the nature of the task did not moderate responding. Single site, community sampling confines interpretations, and the tasks did not fully perform as expected. Further study is needed; however, the current findings support the contention that socially-oriented distress may be a developmentally-relevant, malleable target for prevention efforts aimed at problematic alcohol use among adolescents.Further study is needed; however, the current findings support the contention that socially-oriented distress may be a developmentally-relevant, malleable target for prevention efforts aimed at problematic alcohol use among adolescents. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has demonstrated significantly worse outcomes for minority (black and Hispanic) individuals. selleck kinase inhibitor Understanding the reasons for COVID-19-related disparities among patients with asthma has important public health implications. To determine factors contributing to health disparities in those with asthma during the COVID-19 pandemic. An anonymous survey was sent through social media to adult patients with asthma, and a separate survey was sent to physicians who provide asthma care. The patient survey addressed demographic information including socioeconomic status, asthma control, and attitudes/health behaviors during COVID-19. A total of 1171 patients (10.1% minority individuals) and 225 physicians completed the survey. Minority patients were more likely to have been affected by COVID-19 (eg, became unemployed, lived in a community with high COVID-19 cases). They had worse asthma control (increased emergency visits for asthma, lower Asthma Control Test score), were more likely to live in urban areas, and had a lower household income. Initial differences in attitudes and health behaviors disappeared after controlling for baseline demographic features. Institutional racism was demonstrated by findings that minority individuals were less likely to have a primary care physician, had more trouble affording asthma medications due to COVID-19, and were more likely to have lost health insurance because of COVID-19, and that 25% of physicians found it more challenging to care for black individuals with asthma during COVID-19. Differences in socioeconomic status and the effects of institutional racism, but not health behaviors, sources of information, or attitudes, are playing a role in disparities seen for patients with asthma during COVID-19.Differences in socioeconomic status and the effects of institutional racism, but not health behaviors, sources of information, or attitudes, are playing a role in disparities seen for patients with asthma during COVID-19. Biological treatments directed against IgE and IL-5 have largely improved outcomes for patients with severe type 2-high asthma. However, a fraction of patients with severe asthma show insufficient treatment outcome under anti-IgE and anti-IL-5/IL-5 receptor α antibodies. To evaluate whether switching to dupilumab was of benefit in patients with insufficient outcome under previous anti-IgE or anti-IL-5/IL-5 receptor α therapy. We retrospectively analyzed 38 patients who were switched to dupilumab from a previous anti-IgE or anti-IL-5/IL-5 receptor α medication because of insufficient outcome. We defined response criteria after 3 to 6 months as an improvement in at least 1 of the following criteria without deterioration in the other criteria, comparing values under dupilumab with values under previous antibody therapy (1) increase of 3 or more in Asthma Control Test score, (2) 50% or more reduction in oral corticosteroid dose, and (3) FEV improvement greater than or equal to 150 mL, and classified patiedupilumab in patients with insufficient outcome under previous biological therapy was effective in most patients.Radiotherapy (RT)is considered the treatment of choice in patients with Extra-nodal marginal zone lymphoma (EMZL) at early stage, but the presence of late toxicities has been limited the acceptance. Recently, low doses of RT LDR) (2 x 2 Gy) and the use of limited fields has been observed that retain the efficacy but eliminate toxicities; rituximab is considered as a single agent useful in these setting of patients. Thus, we conducted a open label study to evaluate the use of LDR compared with LDR and rituximab, in a large number of patients without previous treatment. Patients with pathological diagnosis or(EMZL)), stage I, without previous treatment, were allocated in a proportion 11 to received LDR) that were compared with a group that received LDR and rituximab. One hundred and fourteen patients were recruit ; overall response rate and complete response were 58(98.3%) and 54 (96.4 %)in patients whose respectively in LDR that were no statistical different to the observed in the LDR + R arm 53 (96.3%) and 51 (92.75 %) respectively. Actuarial curves at 5-years show that progression-free survival in LDR arm were 98.4% (95% Confidence interval (CI) 93%-108%) and OS were 97.2% (95%CI 92%-110%), that did no show statistical difference with the LDR-R arm 96.4% (95%CI 90%-110%), and 98.5%(95%CI92%-107%) respectively. Univariate analysis did not show any statistical differences in the analysis of prognostic factors. Acute and late toxicities were not observed. We conclude that LDR will be considered as the treatment of choice in patients with EMZL, in early stage, localized in head and neck anatomical sites; because response and outcome were excellent, without any toxicity, addition of rituximab did not improve results and outcome.We conclude that LDR will be considered as the treatment of choice in patients with EMZL, in early stage, localized in head and neck anatomical sites; because response and outcome were excellent, without any toxicity, addition of rituximab did not improve results and outcome.