erence improvement among patients with asthma may be tailored to the individual's baseline perceptions and medication beliefs, and focus on modifying inaccurate illness perceptions and medication beliefs as the main targets.Vaccines are an essential part of a preventative healthcare strategy. However, response to vaccines may be less predictable in immunocompromised people. While outcomes for individuals with autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases have dramatically improved with treatment using immunomodulating and biologic agents, infections have caused significant morbidity in these people today often more than due to their underlying diseases. Immune-based biologic therapies contribute to these infectious complications. This review addresses anti-viral vaccines, their effectiveness and safety in patients treated with approved biologic agents and immune targeted therapy with a focus on vaccines against influenza, human papillomavirus, hepatitis B virus and varicella zoster virus. Preliminary information regarding SARS-CoV-2 anti-viral vaccines is addressed. Additionally, we present recommendations regarding the safe use of vaccines in immunocompromised individuals with the goal to enhance awareness of the safety and efficacy of these anti-viral vaccines in these high-risk populations.As lead optimization efforts have successfully reduced metabolic liabilities due to cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated metabolism, there has been an increase in the frequency of involvement of non-CYP enzymes in the metabolism of investigational compounds. Although there have been numerous notable advancements in the characterization of non-CYP enzymes with respect to their localization, reaction mechanisms, species differences and identification of typical substrates, accurate prediction of non-CYP-mediated clearance, with a particular emphasis with the difficulties in accounting for any extrahepatic contributions, remains a challenge. The current manuscript comprehensively summarizes the recent advancements in the prediction of drug metabolism and the in vitro to in vitro extrapolation of clearance for substrates of non-CYP drug metabolizing enzymes.E-posters have been increasingly incorporated into medical education conferences over the past few years, but since the disruption to the 'traditional' conference circuit as a result of COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 they have become a necessary tool for larger national and international conferences to support ongoing scholarship dissemination. The authors of this article also recognise the potential for smaller-scale e-poster sessions to be organised at local or regional levels to either continue, or establish new, special interest groups and smaller medical education research networks. Our 12 tips article is designed to offer practical advice to support the implementation of local or regional e-poster sessions to potential organisers and is written from the perspective of two medical educational researchers with experience of designing e-posters and organising virtual conferences which include e-poster presentation sessions. The aim was to culturally validate a questionnaire about children's/youth's participation to be used in a Swedish context. FUNDES-Child, based on the well-established CASP, was chosen. Questions about engagement and hindering factors were added to the existing questions about frequency and independence in 20 activity areas. Using a qualitative, explorative design, 16 interviews with children/youths/caregivers were made to explore opinions about the questionnaire. Follow-up interviews confirmed the result of the revised questionnaire. Qualitative content analysis was performed. The interviews provided support for the questionnaire's relevance by being a tool to assess important aspects of participation, to gain insights into one's own/the child's participation, and to promote ideas about what causes the degree of participation. To achieve comprehensiveness, no activity area was found to be missing nor superfluous. However, some examples were needed to be modified where "parades" are unusual in Sweden andl goals and to potentially increase children's participation.Implications for rehabilitationParticipation is of great importance for children's functioning, well-being, and development.Cultural validation of well-established participation questionnaires is a priority and questions about important aspects of participation need to be included.Interviews with children/youth and caregivers guided revisions to reach relevance, comprehensiveness, and comprehensibility of the Swedish FUNDES-Child (FUNDES II-SE).Children/youths, caregivers, and others may increase their awareness concerning the child's/youth's participation by responding to the questionnaire.Animal and human literature supports spatial-motor "Aiming" bias, a frontal-subcortical syndrome, as a core deficit in spatial neglect. However, spatial neglect treatment studies rarely assess Aiming errors. Two knowledge gaps result spatial neglect rehabilitation studies fail to capture the impact on motor-exploratory aspects of functional disability. Also, across spatial neglect treatment studies, discrepant treatment effects may also result from sampling different proportions of patients with Aiming bias. We review behavioural evidence for Aiming spatial neglect, and demonstrate the importance of measuring and targeting Aiming bias for treatment, by reviewing literature on Aiming spatial neglect and prism adaptation treatment, and presenting new preliminary data on bromocriptine treatment. Finally, we review neuroanatomical and network disruption that may give rise to Aiming spatial neglect. TAS-120 price Because Aiming spatial neglect predicts prism adaptation treatment response, assessment may broaden the ability of rehabilitation research to capture functionally-relevant disability. Frontal brain lesions predict both the presence of Aiming spatial neglect, and a robust response to some spatial neglect interventions. Research is needed that co-stratifies spatial neglect patients by lesion location and Aiming spatial neglect, to personalize spatial neglect rehabilitation and perhaps even open a path to spatial retraining as a means of promoting better mobility after stroke.