The epileptic encephalopathies display extensive locus and allelic heterogeneity. Biallelic truncating DOCK7 variants were recently reported in five children with early-onset epilepsy, intellectual disability, and cortical blindness, indicating that DOCK7 deficiency causes a specific type of epileptic encephalopathy. We identified 23- and 27-year-old siblings with the clinical pattern reported for DOCK7 deficiency, and conducted genome-wide linkage analysis and WES. The consequences of a DOCK7 variant were analyzed on the transcript and protein level in patients' fibroblasts. We identified a novel homozygous DOCK7 frameshift variant, an intragenic tandem duplication of 124-kb, previously missed by CGH array, in adult patients. Patients display atrophy in the occipital lobe and pontine hypoplasia with marked pontobulbar sulcus, and focal atrophy of occasional cerebellar folia is a novel finding. Recognizable dysmorphic features include normo-brachycephaly, narrow forehead, low anterior and posterior hairlines, prominent ears, full cheeks, and long eyelashes. Our patients function on the level of 4-year-old children, never showed signs of regression, and seizures are largely controlled with multi-pharmacotherapy. Studies of patients' fibroblasts showed nonsense-mediated RNA decay and lack of DOCK7 protein. DOCK7 deficiency causes a definable clinical entity, a recognizable type of epileptic encephalopathy.DOCK7 deficiency causes a definable clinical entity, a recognizable type of epileptic encephalopathy.This study explored the therapeutic effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on the treatment of obesity-induced fracture healing. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of lncRNA H19, miR-467 and Hoxa10 and combined with WB detection to detect osteogenic markers (RUNX2, OPN, OCN). Determine whether exosomes have entered BMSCs by immunofluorescence staining. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red staining (ARS) staining were used to detect ALP activity and calcium deposition. We found that high-fat treatment can inhibit the secretion of BMSCs-derived exosomes and affect the expression of H19 carried by them. In vivo and in vitro experiments show that high-fat or obesity factors can inhibit the expression of osteogenic markers and reduce the staining activity of ALP and ARS. The treatment of exosomes from normal sources can reverse the phenomenon of osteogenic differentiation and abnormal fracture healing. selleck inhibitor Further bioinformatics analysis found that miR-467 as a regulatory molecule of lncRNA H19 and Hoxa10, and we verified the targeting relationship of the three through dual luciferase report experiments. Further, we found similar phenomena in ALP and ARS staining. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes improve fracture healing caused by obesity.Electrooxidative annulations involving mild transition metal-catalyzed C-H activation have emerged as a transformative strategy for the rapid construction of five- and six-membered heterocycles. In contrast, we herein describe the first electrochemical metal-catalyzed [5+2] cycloadditions to assemble valuable seven-membered benzoxepine skeletons by C-H/O-H activation. The efficient alkyne annulation featured ample substrate scope, using electricity as the only oxidant. Mechanistic studies provided strong support for a rhodium(III/I) regime, involving a benzoxepine-coordinated rhodium(I) sandwich complex as the catalyst resting state, which was re-oxidized to rhodium(III) by anodic oxidation. The composite Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (cUHDRS) is a multidimensional measure of progression in Huntington's disease (HD) being used as a primary outcome in clinical trials investigating potentially disease-modifying huntingtin-lowering therapies. Evaluating volumetric and structural connectivity correlates of the cUHDRS. One hundred and nineteen premanifest and 119 early-HD participants were included. Gray and white matter (WM) volumes were correlated with cUHDRS cross-sectionally and longitudinally using voxel-based morphometry. Correlations between baseline fractional anisotropy (FA); mean, radial, and axial diffusivity; and baseline cUHDRS were examined using tract-based spatial statistics. Worse performance in the cUHDRS over time correlated with longitudinal volume decreases in the occipito-parietal cortex and centrum semiovale, whereas lower baseline scores correlated with decreased volume in the basal ganglia and surrounding WM. Lower cUHDRS scores were also associated with reduced FA and increased diffusivity at baseline. The cUHDRS correlates with imaging biomarkers and tracks atrophy progression in HD supporting its biological relevance. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.The cUHDRS correlates with imaging biomarkers and tracks atrophy progression in HD supporting its biological relevance. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. To define the motor onset and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD) in a prospective cohort of early unmedicated patients. We enrolled a consecutive cohort of recently diagnosed (<18 months) PD patients with unilateral manifestations using age and gender-matched controls. The most affected body region was determined using various clinical standard metrics and objective quantitative kinematic measurements. Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative data were used for external validation of the results. Twenty-five drug-naive patients and 21 controls were studied. Upper limbs were (92%) the most affected body region at onset as ascertained by patients' self-assessment, neurologists' impression, and Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale score. The upper limb (ie, hand) was the site of onset in 80% of patients. Motor features progressed to involve the lower limb but remained limited to the initially affected body side over a 2-year follow-up. Agreement among the different dopaminergic striatal terminals. Recognition of this motor pattern could be used to monitor the evolution of nigrostriatal degeneration and the putative impact of therapies. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.