27 [0.10, 0.77], I 0%) and gastrointestinal bleeding (OR 0.31 [0.11, 0.88], I 0%) were lower in paracetamol group. Subgroup analysis of randomized controlled studies (RCTs) showed similar results. Meta-regression analysis showed that the primary closure rate was not influenced by gestational age, birth weight, and gender. GRADE demonstrates a low level of certainty for primary closure and mortality. Renal dysfunction and gastrointestinal bleeding havea moderate level of certainty. There was no significant difference between the efficacy of oral paracetamol and oral ibuprofen. However, the rate of renal dysfunction and gastrointestinal bleeding were higher in oral ibuprofen.There was no significant difference between the efficacy of oral paracetamol and oral ibuprofen. However, the rate of renal dysfunction and gastrointestinal bleeding were higher in oral ibuprofen.An echocardiographic investigation is one of the key modalities of diagnosis in cardiology. There has been a rising presence of cardiological comorbidities in patients positive for COVID-19. Hence, it is becoming extremely essential to look into the correct safety precautions, healthcare professionals must take while conducting an echo investigation. The decision matrix formulated for conducting an echocardiographic evaluation is based on presence or absence of cardiological comorbidity vis-à-vis positive, suspected or negative for COVID-19. The safety measures have been constructed keeping in mind the current safety precautions by WHO, CDC and MoHFW, India.In the past 20 years there have been great advances in our understanding of the molecular genetics of gastrointestinal tumors. In general, cancers develop and proliferate due to driver mutations or related alterations in the genome resulting in overactivity of oncogenes, underactivity of tumor suppressor genes allowing tumors to grow, and impaired DNA repair mechanisms either from sequential mutations with or without germline mutations predisposing patients to cancer. Infections such as hepatitis B and C, and Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) can lead to hepatocellular cancers and anal cancers, respectively. This genomic knowledge has helped us better define unique subsets within diseases like colon and pancreatic cancer which may benefit from precisely targeted therapies. Alterations in key proteins on tumors and in the tumor microenvironment can be targets for molecular-targeted radiopharmaceutical therapies, immunotherapies and other targeted treatments. Molecular imaging may be deployed more aggressively in high-risk groups for possible detection of tumor occurrence, progression, and response to therapy. This chapter provides a brief summary of the genomics of gastrointestinal tumors, selected examples of targeted therapies, and examples of how current and emerging molecular imaging tools, assessing the tumor phenotype, inform our management of patients with tumors.Colorectal cancer is the cancer with the third highest incidence both in males and females in the USA and is also frequently occurring in other industrialized nations. Anal cancer on the other hand is much rarer, but has a rising incidence, especially in high income nations and with a connection to HIV infections, homosexual men and a younger age of the first sexual encounter. Both have high mortality rates in common and are complex to handle in terms of prevention, staging, treatment and diagnostic of recurrence. This article aims to give an overview about the established diagnostic methods of nuclear medicine, especially sole PET and (contrast enhanced) hybrid imaging with 18F-FDG as tracer for primary staging, restaging, therapy monitoring and radiotherapy planning in current guidelines, with a special focus on the American guidelines of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network for colorectal and anal cancer. There will also be an outlook on potential future adjustments in those leading to a more significant representation of nuclear medicine by giving a synopsis of the available studies and data published in international medical press. New tracers that are still in research stage, progress in the imaging techniques, for example a further establishment of PET/MR hybrid imaging, the use of artificial intelligence and parametric imaging, as well as possible future theranostic applications like c-MET binding peptides will also be shortly discussed.Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), over the years, has evolved as an important modality in the therapeutic armamentarium of advanced, metastatic or inoperable, progressive Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (NENs). This review deliberates on the basic understanding and applied clinical aspects of PRRT in NENs, with special reference to (1) tumor biology and receptor characteristics, (2) molecular PET-CT imaging (in particular the invaluable role of dual-tracer PET with [68Ga]-DOTA-TATE/NOC and [18F]-FDG for exploring tumor biology in continuum and individualizing treatment decision making) and NEN theranostics, (3) relevant radiochemistry of different therapeutic radionuclides (both beta emitting 177Lu-DOTATATE and 90Y-DOTATATE and alpha emitting 225Ac-DOTATATE), and (4) related dosimetric considerations. Successful clinical management of the NENs would require multifactorial considerations, and all the aforementioned points pertaining to the disease process and available logistics are key considerations for state-of-the-art clinical practice and delivering personalized care in this group of patients. Emphasis has been placed on relatively intriguing areas such as (1) NET grade 3 of WHO 2017 classification (ie, Ki-67>20% but well-differentiation features), (2) "Neoadjuvant PRRT," (3) combining chemotherapy and PRRT, (4) 'Sandwich Chemo-PRRT', (5) duo-PRRT and tandem PRRT, (6) resistant functioning disease with nuances in clinical management and how one can advocate PRRT rationally in such clinical settings and individualize the management in a patient specific manner. NCB0846 Relevant clinical management issues related to some difficult case scenarios, which the Nuclear Medicine attending physician should be aware of to run an efficient clinical PRRT services, are described.