001), gender (p=0.000), packed cell volume (p=0.047) showed a significant relationship with the occurrence of microalbuminuria in this study. Increasing age (OR=1.72, CI=1.22-2.44, p=0.002), female gender (OR=0.09, CI=0.01-0.95, p=0.04) and lower packed cell volume (OR=0.49, CI=0.26-0.90, p=0.02) emerged as independent risk factors associated with the occurrence of microalbuminuria in the study population. Renal injury occurs in a high proportion of patients with SCA. Routine screening of all patients with SCA as part of their follow up is therefore recommended to identify patients with early renal injury for proper management.Renal injury occurs in a high proportion of patients with SCA. Routine screening of all patients with SCA as part of their follow up is therefore recommended to identify patients with early renal injury for proper management. Adolescence is a vulnerable period of transition and a time for establishing healthy or risky behaviours. Adolescents constitute the strategic link between a nation's past and the future. Adolescent obesity is an epidemic of global proportions which has affected both industrialized and developing countries. Identifying factors that influence adolescent obesity in our environment would help to strengthen preventive measures, reduce the disease burden, and ultimately improve adult health. A cross-sectional study conducted in secondary schools in Kaduna metropolis, North-West Nigeria. The participants were selected using systematic sampling method. Data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. One hundred and fifty adolescents were recruited into the study. This consisted of 85(56.7%) girls and 65(43.3%) boys. The mean age of the participants was 14.1 ± 2.3 years. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 21.3% and 14.0% respectively. Factors identified to be associated with the development of obesity included lack of sporting activities (c2 = 8.18, p= 0.04) and the number of hours of sleep daily (c2 = 17.91, p= 0.01). All except one of the obese adolescents consumed snacks/soft drinks, though the relationship between adolescent obesity and consumption of snacks/soft drinks was not statistically significant (c2 = 5.58, p= 0.13). Addressing the risk factors associated with adolescent obesity is a key to reversing this global epidemic. Health education on appropriate sleep pattern and engaging in sporting activities should be emphasized in secondary schools.Addressing the risk factors associated with adolescent obesity is a key to reversing this global epidemic. Health education on appropriate sleep pattern and engaging in sporting activities should be emphasized in secondary schools. Preterm babies have constituted a major constraints on human and material resources due to early mortality and long term disability among survivors. Rates of disability among survivors have increased over the period, with high rates of broncho-pulmonary dysplasia. To determine the survival and management challenges of preterm babies in University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri Borno State REUSLTS Of the 1129 preterm babies managed in the Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU), 714 cases notes were retrieved and analyzed giving a retrieval rate of 63%. There were 256 (35.9%) preterm babies as in-born, while 458 (64.1%) were out-born. Male preterm babies were 372 (52.1%), while female preterm babies were 342 (47.9%); with female to male ratio of 1.081. Extreme low birth weight (<1000grams) were 17 (2.3%), very low birth weight (1000-1499 grams) were 288 (40.3%) while low birth weight (1500-2499 grams) were 406 (56.9%). We also documented 3 preterm babies whose weights >2500 grams were large for gestational age weight. Duration of oxygen therapy (p = 0.620), duration of phototherapy (p = 0.474), and EBT (p = 0.466) showed no association with their survival while only duration of incubator care (p = 0.005) demonstrated significant association with outcome. The population of preterm babies studied is 32.70% and their survival has remarkably improved. However, this improved survival of preterm babies especially the extreme and very low birth weight categories has posed a big challenge due to limited access to incubator care, use of caffeine and surfactant which might influence the outcome.The population of preterm babies studied is 32.70% and their survival has remarkably improved. However, this improved survival of preterm babies especially the extreme and very low birth weight categories has posed a big challenge due to limited access to incubator care, use of caffeine and surfactant which might influence the outcome. The incidence and outcomes of acute kidney injury (AKI) are worse in developing countries due to late diagnosis, poor access and high cost of care. Surgical patients may have up to 10 fold increased risk for AKI due to complications arising from the primary surgical illness, peri-operative complications and treatment. This study was a retrospective cross-sectional study of the epidemiology of AKI in two Nigerian tertiary institutions. Patients who had surgery during a 1year period were included. Patients' identification were obtained from the theatre registers, and relevant data collected from their hospital files. AKI was defined using the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) serum creatinine criteria. Two hundred and twenty patients were studied, and the majority were males (60.9%). Forty patients developed AKI (18.2%), with the majority in KDIGO stage 1 (12.7%). Selleckchem Thiazovivin Mean age was 43.7±17.6 years compared to 37.2±21.7 years among those without AKI (mean difference=6.489, p=0.079). More males th79). More males than females developed AKI (19.4% vs 16.3%, p=0.558). AKI was diagnosed in 38.5% of patients with sepsis compared to 16.9% of non-septic patients (p=0.061); in 23.9% of patients who had significant blood loss compared to 15.4% of patients without significant blood loss (p=0.128). Intensive care unit (ICU) admission was significantly commoner among patients with AKI (20% vs 7.8% p = 0.023). Mortality was 25% among patients who developed AKI compared to 7.2% in those without AKI (p=0.005) CONCLUSION Patients diagnosed with AKI had a higher mean age. Perisurgical AKI was commoner in males, patients with sepsis, and those who lost significant blood intra-operatively. ICU admission and mortality were significantly higher among patients with AKI.