This is the first research stating the toxicological differences between sonicated and non-sonicated polystyrene nanoparticle samples using Daphnia magna as test organism.Arsenic is ranked in the top ten environmental toxicants but its impact on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its association with other human health effects is contradictory. We aimed in this study to compare the urinary arsenic concentration (u As) in older age adults (> 40 years) and their T2DM subgroup in an age and gender-matched case control study to find the association of u As with, diet, oxidative stress, smoking, anthropometric factors, and lifestyle in our study participants. Face-to-face interviews based on structured questionnaires were conducted on 200 female and male volunteers (100 cases and 100 control). Considering the exclusion criteria, u As concentration and serum biomarkers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase) of 30 newly diagnosed T2DM and 30 control were determined by ICP-mass analysis and ELISA reader respectively. Despite the similarities in sociodemographic, diet, and lifestyle factors in males and females and their T2DM subgroups, a 4 times difference in u As levels between T2DM (93.7 ng/L (32)) and their healthy counterparts (23.7 ng/L (2.3)) without meaningful associations with gender, age, BMI, diet, and lifestyle was observed. Mean u As concentration in total population of smokers was significantly higher than non-smokers ((119 ng/L vs. 22.5 ng/L (p = 0.03)) and oxidative stress markers were not significantly higher in T2DM smokers than non-smokers. Chronic arsenic exposure through smoking could be contributed to the incidence of T2DM in older age adults. Oxidative stress markers were not significantly increased in smoker subgroup compared with non-smokers but except smoking pattern, other variables did not affect u As concentration. Precautionary measure to reduce the exposure of people with this element is recommended to prevent the arsenic-induced T2DM in human populations.Lake eutrophication and water quality deterioration have become a major environmental problem in urban areas and fertilized basins in developing countries across the world. This paper reviews the characterization, driving factors, and impacts of lake eutrophication as well as the mechanism of preventing and recovering lake eutrophication with case studies of eutrophic lakes across the world including Lake Tana, Ethiopia. In most waterbodies including lakes and reservoirs, total phosphorus concentration, chlorophyll a concentration, and Secchi disk visibility in association with species composition are the common criteria to classify lakes and reservoir as oligotrophic, mesotrophic, and eutrophic. Nutrient-rich runoff from cultivated land and industrialized and urbanized cities concentrated in phosphorus are the critical factors that drove eutrophication in water bodies. Among others, controlling external loading of nutrient, ecological, and mechanical methods were found to be common mechanisms to prevent and recover lake eutrophication. Avoiding the factors that are under human control, i.e., a reduction of external loading of nutrients especially targeted on phosphorus reduction into the water basins, relocates sewage, industrial and domestic waste discharges to be lined out of the catchment of the lake. Furthermore, motivating the community to use less phosphorus-containing fertilizers and promoting phosphorus-free detergents are suggested solutions to sustainably prevent and reduce eutrophication in the long run. These could be some possible measures to safeguard endangered Lake Tana of Ethiopia.Pharmaceuticals and their metabolites constitute a class of xenobiotics commonly found in aquatic environments which may cause toxic effects in aquatic organisms. Several different lipophilic molecules, including some pharmaceuticals, can bind to fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs), a group of evolutionarily related cytoplasmic proteins that belong to the intracellular lipid-binding protein (iLBP) family. Amredobresib chemical structure An oyster FABP genome-wide investigation was not available until a recent study on gene organization, protein structure, and phylogeny of Crassostrea gigas iLBPs. Higher transcript levels of the C. gigas FABP2 gene were found after exposure to sewage and pharmaceuticals. Because of its relevance as a potential biomarker of aquatic contamination, in this study, recombinant FABP2 from C. gigas (CgFABP2) was successfully cloned, expressed, and purified, and in vitro and in silico assays were performed using lipids and pharmaceuticals. This is the first characterization of a protein from the iLBP family in C. gigas. Homology modeling and molecular docking were used to evaluate the binding affinities of natural ligands (palmitic, oleic, and arachidonic acids) and pharmaceuticals (ibuprofen, sodium diclofenac, and acetaminophen). Among the tested fatty acids, CgFABP2 showed preference for palmitic acid. The selected pharmaceuticals presented a biphasic-binding mode, suggesting a different binding affinity with a preference for diclofenac. Therefore, the approach using circular dichroism and in silico data might be useful for ligand-binding screening in an invertebrate model organism.Sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes have received considerable attentions in the remediation of organic pollutants due to their high oxidation ability. In this study, a novel Co3O4/CeO2 catalyst was fabricated and employed as a peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activator to generate SO4•- for phenol degradation. The Co3O4/CeO2 catalyst exhibited a good catalytic performance at a wide pH range of 3.4 to 10.8, and 100% phenol (20 mg/L) was removed within 50-min reaction under optimal conditions with 0.2 g/L catalyst and 2.0 g/L PMS at room temperature. The transformation products and total organic carbon during the degradation process were also determined. The quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance spectra revealed that sulfate radical (SO4•-) rather than other species such as singlet oxygen (1O2) and hydroxyl radical (•OH) was primarily responsible for phenol degradation in the Co3O4/CeO2/PMS system, and a rational mechanism was proposed. Moreover, the recycling experiments as well as low cobalt leaching concentration manifested satisfactory reusability and stability.